A Pilot Study: Snacking, Willpower and Glucose Availability
NCT ID: NCT02258477
Last Updated: 2016-03-04
Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
37 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2014-10-31
2015-02-28
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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Sequence 1 (D-B-A-C)
100 calorie beverage during week 1; 10 calorie beverage during week 2; control beverage beverage during week 3; 50 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 1
100 calorie beverage during week 1; 10 calorie beverage during week 2; control beverage beverage during week 3; 50 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 2 (A-D-C-B)
Control beverage during week 1; 100 calorie beverage during week 2; 50 calorie beverage during week 3; 10 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 2
Control beverage during week 1; 100 calorie beverage during week 2; 50 calorie beverage during week 3; 10 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 3 (C-A-B-D)
50 calorie beverage during week 1; control beverage during week 2; 10 calorie beverage during week 3; 100 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 3
50 calorie beverage during week 1; control beverage during week 2; 10 calorie beverage during week 3; 100 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 4 (B-C-D-A)
10 calorie beverage during week 1; 50 calorie beverage during week 2; 100 calorie beverage during week 3; control beverage during week 4.
Sequence 4
10 calorie beverage during week 1; 50 calorie beverage during week 2; 100 calorie beverage during week 3; control beverage during week 4.
Interventions
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Sequence 1
100 calorie beverage during week 1; 10 calorie beverage during week 2; control beverage beverage during week 3; 50 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 2
Control beverage during week 1; 100 calorie beverage during week 2; 50 calorie beverage during week 3; 10 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 3
50 calorie beverage during week 1; control beverage during week 2; 10 calorie beverage during week 3; 100 calorie beverage during week 4.
Sequence 4
10 calorie beverage during week 1; 50 calorie beverage during week 2; 100 calorie beverage during week 3; control beverage during week 4.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Self-identify as regular snackers, with a specific problem food, who have trouble with over-consuming this snack food.
3. Have intentionally lost weight in the last year and are seeking to maintain that weight loss or have unintentionally gained weight in the last year and are concerned about it.
4. Generally healthy.
Exclusion Criteria
2. Diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
3. Not willing or able to follow study guidelines (ie: consuming the study beverage daily for four weeks, or completing daily compliance logs)
4. Current smoker (or has stopped smoking within the last 6 months)
5. Taking medications that could cause weight loss or weight gain (such as steroids, tricyclic antidepressants, chemotherapy, antipsychotics, prescribed or over the counter weight loss agents, etc).
6. Current or history of eating disorder (anorexia, bulimia, or diagnosed binge eating disorder)
7. Current alcohol or drug abuse or dependence
8. Any medical condition for which daily snacking of such problem foods would be inadvisable (i.e.: a subject with hypertension advised to avoid sodium).
18 Years
65 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Johnson & Johnson
INDUSTRY
University of Colorado, Denver
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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James O Hill, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
Locations
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Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Countries
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References
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Hand GA, Shook RP, Paluch AE, Baruth M, Crowley EP, Jaggers JR, Prasad VK, Hurley TG, Hebert JR, O'Connor DP, Archer E, Burgess S, Blair SN. The energy balance study: the design and baseline results for a longitudinal study of energy balance. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013 Sep;84(3):275-86. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2013.816224.
Chang SH, Pollack LM, Colditz GA. Life Years Lost Associated with Obesity-Related Diseases for U.S. Non-Smoking Adults. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 18;8(6):e66550. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066550. Print 2013.
Dulloo AG. Explaining the failures of obesity therapy: willpower attenuation, target miscalculation or metabolic compensation? Int J Obes (Lond). 2012 Nov;36(11):1418-20. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.114. No abstract available.
Masicampo EJ, Baumeister RF. Toward a physiology of dual-process reasoning and judgment: lemonade, willpower, and expensive rule-based analysis. Psychol Sci. 2008 Mar;19(3):255-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02077.x.
Littell, Ramon C., George A. Milliken, Walter W. Stroup, Russell D. Wolfinger, and O Schabenberger. 2006. SAS@ for Mixed Models, Second Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
Gailliot MT, Baumeister RF. The physiology of willpower: linking blood glucose to self-control. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2007 Nov;11(4):303-27. doi: 10.1177/1088868307303030.
Hofmann W, Adriaanse M, Vohs KD, Baumeister RF. Dieting and the self-control of eating in everyday environments: an experience sampling study. Br J Health Psychol. 2014 Sep;19(3):523-39. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12053. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Other Identifiers
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14-1485
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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