The Effects of Snack Size and Variety on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Behavior in Healthy Adults.

NCT ID: NCT03940105

Last Updated: 2022-01-21

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 31 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-10-01
• Study Completion Date: 2019-04-01

Brief Summary

The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to obese adults that will test whether snack size, choice, or variety has an influence on daily snack intake.

Aim 1: To validate the in-house packout methodology with 3-day dietary recalls. Aim 2: To examine whether snack variety or snack package size will influence free-living snacking behavior.

Aim 3: To identify whether a correlation exists between mindful eating and free-living snacking behavior.

Detailed Description

Participants will complete 4 different snack patterns. Each pattern will include 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (i.e., Monday/Wednesday/Friday; Tuesday/Thursday/Monday, etc.). The snack patterns will be performed at home/work.

The first pattern will simply be a measurement of typical snack habits. For each of the 3 days, the participant will enter all foods and beverages consumed using the online program, Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA-24).

For the other 3 patterns, different snack packouts will be provided to the participant for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays/pattern. The only difference between the packouts is the type of foods provided. The packouts contain commercially available foods commonly eaten by people who snack. Following lunch, the participant will be permitted to eat as much or as little as he/she chooses from the packout until going to bed. Beverages will not be provided and the participant could drink whatever he/she typically consumes.

For all patterns, the participant will be provided with a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner to consume at home/work for each of the 3 days/pattern.

Conditions

Snacking

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Control

For 3 days during the control snack pattern, the participants will be asked to complete dietary recalls concerning their afternoon and evening snacking behavior. The participants will use the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) system which was developed by the National Cancer Institute.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Standard Packout

This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Packout

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Each packout provided during 3 of the 4 snack patterns will contain a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. There are 3 different packouts that will be provided for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (for a total of 9 packouts). Each packout contains the same calories and types of foods. However, they differ in packaging size and variety.

Large Package Packout

This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. It differs from the Standard Packout in that the package sizes of all the foods are larger (though food amount remains the same).

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Packout

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Each packout provided during 3 of the 4 snack patterns will contain a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. There are 3 different packouts that will be provided for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (for a total of 9 packouts). Each packout contains the same calories and types of foods. However, they differ in packaging size and variety.

Variety Packout

This packout contains a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. It differs from the Standard Packout in that there is about twice as much snack variety (though food amount remains the same).

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Packout

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Each packout provided during 3 of the 4 snack patterns will contain a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. There are 3 different packouts that will be provided for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (for a total of 9 packouts). Each packout contains the same calories and types of foods. However, they differ in packaging size and variety.

Interventions

Packout

Each packout provided during 3 of the 4 snack patterns will contain a variety of foods to be consumed, ad libitum, throughout the remainder of the day following the standardized lunch. There are 3 different packouts that will be provided for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (for a total of 9 packouts). Each packout contains the same calories and types of foods. However, they differ in packaging size and variety.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. age range 18-55 y

2. normal weight to overweight/obese (BMI: 18-32 kg/m2)

3. healthy, non-diabetic

4. not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)

5. non-smoking (for the past 6 months)

6. not been clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder

7. habitually eat afternoon/evening snacks at least 4 days/week

Exclusion Criteria

1. Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder

2. Metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism or appetite

3. Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)

4. Gained/lost >10 lb. over the past 6 months

5. Taking medication that would directly influence appetite (weight-loss drugs or antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage has been stable for at least 3 months)

6. Not willing or able to complete all study testing procedures

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 55 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Sabra Dipping Company, LLC

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Purdue University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Heather Leidy

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Heather J Leidy, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Purdue University

Locations

Purdue University

West Lafayette, Indiana, United States

Countries

United States

References

Reister EJ, Leidy HJ. Snack Package Size and Variety Differentially Influence Energy Intake and Food Choices in Healthy Adults. Curr Dev Nutr. 2022 Jan 17;6(2):nzac004. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzac004. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 35155984 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

1807020783

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id