The Effect of Snack Consumption on Energy Intake in Preschoolers
NCT ID: NCT02207049
Last Updated: 2025-04-03
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
20 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2014-09-30
2025-12-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Thus, the purpose of this pilot study will be to examine the influence of providing snacks on consumption of overall energy intake in children aged 2-5 years in the Early Learning Center (ELC) at the University of Tennessee. Children will be provided with 3-to-5 ad libitum eating occasions over the course of a day for three sessions. To test the effects of providing snacks to preschoolers on consumption of food throughout the day, the food will be provided in three ways in the three different sessions: 1) children will be provided three meals (TM); 2) children will be provided three meals and two snacks, with total amount of food provided in the day the same as TM (M+S); and 3) children will be provided three meals and two snacks with total amount provided in the meals equal to TM and total amount provided in the snacks equal to M+S (TM+S).
Primary Hypothesis:
1\) Energy consumed from food and beverages will be greatest during the TM+S session, followed by M+S, and then TM.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
SINGLE_GROUP
OTHER
NONE
Study Groups
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Three Meals (TM)
Preschoolers will be provided their caloric needs within three meals.
No Snacking
Caloric needs will be provided to preschoolers within three meals
Meal plus Snack (M+S)
Preschoolers will be provided three meals and two snacks, with total amount of food provided in the day the same as the Three Meal (TM) arm.
Snacking
Snacks will be provided to preschoolers, either as part of total caloric needs or above total caloric needs
Three Meal plus Snack (TM+S)
Preschoolers will be provided three meals and two snacks with total amount provided in the meals equal to the Three Meal (TM) arm and total amount provided in the snacks equal to Meal plus Snacks (M+S) arm.
Snacking
Snacks will be provided to preschoolers, either as part of total caloric needs or above total caloric needs
Interventions
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Snacking
Snacks will be provided to preschoolers, either as part of total caloric needs or above total caloric needs
No Snacking
Caloric needs will be provided to preschoolers within three meals
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* enrolled at the Early Learning Center for the full day program
* have guardian consent to participate
* like the foods served
Exclusion Criteria
* not able to use a spoon
* did not attend all feeding sessions
3 Years
5 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Hollie Raynor
Professor
Principal Investigators
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Hollie A Raynor, PhD, RD, LDN
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Tennesseem Knoxville
Locations
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Healthy Eating and Activity Laboratory
Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
Countries
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References
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Allen RE, Myers AL. Nutrition in toddlers. Am Fam Physician. 2006 Nov 1;74(9):1527-32.
Smith-Petersen MN, Larson CB, Cochran W. Local chemotherapy with primary closure of septic wounds by means of drainage and irrigation cannulae : M. N. Smith-Petersen MD (1886-1953), Carroll B. Larson MD, Williams Cochran MD . The 12th president of the AAOS 1943 (MNS-P). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Jan;466(1):104-12. doi: 10.1007/s11999-007-0023-4.
Ford CN, Slining MM, Popkin BM. Trends in dietary intake among US 2- to 6-year-old children, 1989-2008. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Jan;113(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.022.
Other Identifiers
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9564 B
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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