Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
40 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-07-15
2026-07-31
Brief Summary
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1. Assess the usability and feasibility of each proxy-reporting protocol and dietary assessment methodology.
2. Describe the dietary misreporting captured using each proxy-reporting protocol, and
3. Explore the accuracy of energy intake estimation of the 24HR and EMA+24HR methods, compared to objectively measured food intake.
During the research study, participants will:
1. Be provided with one meal and two snacks each day to provide to their child on three consecutive days. Foods can be offered to their child at times of their choosing, and leftovers will be placed back into reusable food storage containers to be picked up by research study staff. Uneaten foods will be weighed for an objective measure of intake.
2. The day after study-provided foods are given to the child, the adult caregiver will complete a proxy-reported 24HR phone call with a trained research assistant.
3. In the EMA+24HR condition, caregivers will be provided access to an online platform where they will upload pre- and post-photographs of all of their child's eating occasions across the three days that study-provided foods are eaten.
Detailed Description
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The primary aims of this study are to:
1. Assess the feasibility, which will include the usability and acceptability, of the proxy reporting protocol for the 24HR and EMA+24HR.
2. Describe the dietary misreporting captured in the 24HR and EMA+24HR assessment strategies.
A secondary aim of the study will be to explore the accuracy, via determining agreement, of the 24 and EMA+24HR methods compared to objectively measured food intake, specifically in regard to energy intake.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
OTHER
NONE
Study Groups
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Traditional 24HR
Caregivers will be asked to provide study-provided foods to their child and complete a traditional 24-hour dietary recall using the USDA five-step multiple-pass method.
Traditional 24-hour dietary recall
Participants will complete a traditional 24-hour dietary recall via telephone, following the USDA five-step multiple pass method. Participants will receive a standardized food amounts booklet (FAB) to help with quantifying portion sizes consumed.
EMA-Assisted 24HR
In the EMA+24HR condition, caregivers will receive study-provided foods for one meal and two snacks for three consecutive days. Caregivers will receive information on accessing an online EMA platform, and will be asked to upload pre- and post-photographs of the foods that their child eats over the three days. Additionally, any caregiver with whom the child consumes food outside of the primary proxy reporter will be trained by the primary caregiver and will be given access to upload photographs to the EMA site. The day following consumption of study-provided food, the caregiver will complete a 24HR using the USDA 5-step multiple-pass method by a trained research assistant. The research assistant will have access to all pre- and post-photographs and will prompt the caregiver for misreporting related to the photographs uploaded (i.e., time misreporting, omissions, intrusions, description, and amount misreporting).
Ecological Momentary Assessment
The EMA platform will allow for the primary caregiver (or any other adult with whom the child eats foods with) to upload pre- and post-photographs of all eating occasions. The photographs will be time-stamped and will be used by trained research assistants during the 24HR to aid in collection of accurate information about what the child consumed. The research assistant will be trained on how to prompt the caregiver for inaccuracies in reporting as needed.
Interventions
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Ecological Momentary Assessment
The EMA platform will allow for the primary caregiver (or any other adult with whom the child eats foods with) to upload pre- and post-photographs of all eating occasions. The photographs will be time-stamped and will be used by trained research assistants during the 24HR to aid in collection of accurate information about what the child consumed. The research assistant will be trained on how to prompt the caregiver for inaccuracies in reporting as needed.
Traditional 24-hour dietary recall
Participants will complete a traditional 24-hour dietary recall via telephone, following the USDA five-step multiple pass method. Participants will receive a standardized food amounts booklet (FAB) to help with quantifying portion sizes consumed.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Absence of food allergies or dietary restrictions for medical reasons (for the child)
* Caregiver reports child likes at least 70% of the study-provided foods from the pre-defined list of food options
* Caregiver has access to a smartphone device compatible with the EMA platform
* Caregiver can identify a second adult caregiver with access to a smartphone device compatible with the EMA platform and willing to provide the child with study-provided foods for at least two eating occasions.
Exclusion Criteria
* Caregiver unwilling to take pre-and-post photos of child's eating occasions
* Caregiver unwilling or unable to identify a second adult caregiver meeting the eligibility criteria
* Caregiver and child reside in a separate household for \> 2 days per week
* Family resides \>25 miles outside of the Knoxville, Tennessee, metropolitan area.
2 Years
5 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Hollie Raynor
Executive Associate Dean of Research & Operations
Locations
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Healthy Eating and Activity Lab, University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Emilie Holloway, MS, RDN
Role: primary
Hollie Raynor, PhD, RD, LDN
Role: backup
References
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Shiffman S, Stone AA, Hufford MR. Ecological momentary assessment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2008;4:1-32. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415.
Reilly JJ, Montgomery C, Jackson D, MacRitchie J, Armstrong J. Energy intake by multiple pass 24 h recall and total energy expenditure: a comparison in a representative sample of 3-4-year-olds. Br J Nutr. 2001 Nov;86(5):601-5. doi: 10.1079/bjn2001449.
Wallace A, Kirkpatrick SI, Darlington G, Haines J. Accuracy of Parental Reporting of Preschoolers' Dietary Intake Using an Online Self-Administered 24-h Recall. Nutrients. 2018 Jul 29;10(8):987. doi: 10.3390/nu10080987.
Bornhorst C, Huybrechts I, Ahrens W, Eiben G, Michels N, Pala V, Molnar D, Russo P, Barba G, Bel-Serrat S, Moreno LA, Papoutsou S, Veidebaum T, Loit HM, Lissner L, Pigeot I; IDEFICS consortium. Prevalence and determinants of misreporting among European children in proxy-reported 24 h dietary recalls. Br J Nutr. 2013 Apr 14;109(7):1257-65. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512003194. Epub 2012 Aug 6.
Livingstone MB, Robson PJ. Measurement of dietary intake in children. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000 May;59(2):279-93. doi: 10.1017/s0029665100000318.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Callahan EA, editor. Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age: Proceedings of a Workshop Series. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2022 Jan 12. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576562/
Ravelli MN, Schoeller DA. Traditional Self-Reported Dietary Instruments Are Prone to Inaccuracies and New Approaches Are Needed. Front Nutr. 2020 Jul 3;7:90. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00090. eCollection 2020.
Other Identifiers
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UTK IRB-25-08725-XP
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id