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Pre- and Post-restriction Chocolate Candy Consumption

NCT ID: NCT02003950

Last Updated: 2023-12-15

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

50 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2013-03-31

Study Completion Date

2015-05-31

Brief Summary

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Craving differs from hunger because it occurs even when a person is in a satiated state and in the absence of an energy deficit. Craving is usually triggered by specific foods and may be attributable to certain sensory properties of foods. Foods that are craved are often regarded as less healthy choices, and are higher in energy content. Chocolate is one of the most commonly reported foods craved by people in this country. Together, craving for chocolate has been suggested to be a possible cause of weight gain and access to chocolate therefore needs to be restricted.

However, it remains unknown if restriction may induce maladaptive eating behaviors of chocolate cravers. The anticipation of going on a diet has been shown to cause restrained and disinhibited eaters to react by consuming more chocolate. In this study, we will examine if this response is also found in chocolate cravers when they are asked to undergo three weeks of chocolate restriction. This study will also examine chocolate cravers' response after the chocolate restriction is lifted. We hypothesize that chocolate consumption of cravers will increase both before and after chocolate restriction is imposed. We also hypothesize that chocolate craving is specific to the food rather than its sweet taste, and that chocolate cravers are less willing to substitute chocolate for salty snacks, natural snacks, and sweet non-chocolate snacks during the restriction.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Investigate the Maladaptive Eating Behaviors of Normal Healthy Adults

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Chocolate pre-restriction

Group Type OTHER

Snack Condition Specification

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Chocolate Baseline

Group Type OTHER

Snack Condition Specification

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Chocolate post-restriction

Group Type OTHER

Snack Condition Specification

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Salty Snacks

Group Type OTHER

Snack Condition Specification

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Sweet Non-Chocolate Snacks

Group Type OTHER

Snack Condition Specification

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Dried Fruit

Group Type OTHER

Snack Condition Specification

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Interventions

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Snack Condition Specification

Individuals recieve a different snack for every week of the study. This is viewed as 4 phases. Phase 1 measures of habitual chocolate candy consumption (1 week), Phase 2 assesses participants' chocolate consumption while anticipating an oncoming chocolate candy restriction (1 week), Phase 3 is the total chocolate candy restriction period, but participants will be given 3 non-chocolate-candy snack substitutes in a random order (1 week per snack type, 3 weeks total), and Phase 4 examines participants' chocolate candy consumption when the 3-week restriction is lifted (1 week).

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Generic Branded Snack Foods (commerically available)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Sixty adult participants (age 18-60 years) who are regular chocolate candy eaters (\> 4 times/week, at least 1 serving each time) are needed to complete this study. Additional eligible criteria include:

* Subjects high and low in restraint/disinhibition based on TFEQ
* BMI between 18-35
* American born, or have lived in United States for majority of life, as different cultures have been shown to have lower chocolate preferences and consumption.
* Snack on a regular basis
* No allergies to test foods
* Not taking medications that affect appetite or metabolism
* Willing to comply to study protocol and to eat test meals
* Consume chocolate, or chocolate candies more than 4 times per week

Exclusion Criteria

* If a participant does not fit the above requirements, they will be excluded from participating in the study.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Purdue University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Richard Mattes

Distinguished Professor, Food and Nutrition

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Richard D Mattes, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Purdue University

Locations

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Purdue University

West Lafayette, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Other Identifiers

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0911008653

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

055-037

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id