Effects of Beef Protein Consumption on Energy Intake

NCT ID: NCT01646749

Last Updated: 2013-07-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-09-30

Study Completion Date

2013-02-28

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine ad libitum daily energy intake, body weight changes and appetite profile in response to protein/carbohydrate and fat ratio over 12 consecutive days, and in relation to age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene alleles.

Detailed Description

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The protein leverage hypothesis requires specific evidence whether energy intake would depend on a possible protein intake target in humans. Meat protein as complete protein may show most beneficial effects on variables regarding food intake regulation.

Conditions

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Obesity Severe Overweight

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

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Protein intake of 5 energy percent (En%)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Differences in protein content (En%) of meals

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The three applied conditions will differ in the relative protein content of the meals, including 5 En%, 15 En% and 30 En% from protein. Beef protein will be used as main meat protein source in the 15 En% and 30 En% protein conditions. The resulting macronutrient compositions of the diets will be En% Protein/Carbohydrate/Fat; 5/60/35, 15/50/35, and 30/35/35. All meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) within each condition will have the same macronutrient composition. All food items, and the energy density, weight and volume of the meals will be the same between conditions. All snack items will be very low in protein content.

Protein intake of 15 En%

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Differences in protein content (En%) of meals

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The three applied conditions will differ in the relative protein content of the meals, including 5 En%, 15 En% and 30 En% from protein. Beef protein will be used as main meat protein source in the 15 En% and 30 En% protein conditions. The resulting macronutrient compositions of the diets will be En% Protein/Carbohydrate/Fat; 5/60/35, 15/50/35, and 30/35/35. All meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) within each condition will have the same macronutrient composition. All food items, and the energy density, weight and volume of the meals will be the same between conditions. All snack items will be very low in protein content.

Protein intake of 30 En%

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Differences in protein content (En%) of meals

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The three applied conditions will differ in the relative protein content of the meals, including 5 En%, 15 En% and 30 En% from protein. Beef protein will be used as main meat protein source in the 15 En% and 30 En% protein conditions. The resulting macronutrient compositions of the diets will be En% Protein/Carbohydrate/Fat; 5/60/35, 15/50/35, and 30/35/35. All meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) within each condition will have the same macronutrient composition. All food items, and the energy density, weight and volume of the meals will be the same between conditions. All snack items will be very low in protein content.

Interventions

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Differences in protein content (En%) of meals

The three applied conditions will differ in the relative protein content of the meals, including 5 En%, 15 En% and 30 En% from protein. Beef protein will be used as main meat protein source in the 15 En% and 30 En% protein conditions. The resulting macronutrient compositions of the diets will be En% Protein/Carbohydrate/Fat; 5/60/35, 15/50/35, and 30/35/35. All meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) within each condition will have the same macronutrient composition. All food items, and the energy density, weight and volume of the meals will be the same between conditions. All snack items will be very low in protein content.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

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All food items will be commercial available.

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Healthy
* Age 18-70 years
* BMI 18-35 kg/m2
* Non-smoking
* Weight stable

Exclusion Criteria

* Smoking
* Use of medication
* More than moderate alcohol consumption
* Vegetarian
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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National Cattlemen's Beef Association

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Maastricht University Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Eveline Martens

PhD student

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga, Prof. dr.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Maastricht University

Locations

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Maastricht University

Maastricht, , Netherlands

Site Status

Countries

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Netherlands

References

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Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D. Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis. Obes Rev. 2005 May;6(2):133-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15836464 (View on PubMed)

Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, Callahan HS, Meeuws KE, Burden VR, Purnell JQ. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1):41-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.82.1.41.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16002798 (View on PubMed)

Griffioen-Roose S, Mars M, Siebelink E, Finlayson G, Tome D, de Graaf C. Protein status elicits compensatory changes in food intake and food preferences. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jan;95(1):32-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.020503. Epub 2011 Dec 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22158729 (View on PubMed)

Gosby AK, Conigrave AD, Lau NS, Iglesias MA, Hall RM, Jebb SA, Brand-Miller J, Caterson ID, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. Testing protein leverage in lean humans: a randomised controlled experimental study. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25929. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025929. Epub 2011 Oct 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22022472 (View on PubMed)

Mikkelsen PB, Toubro S, Astrup A. Effect of fat-reduced diets on 24-h energy expenditure: comparisons between animal protein, vegetable protein, and carbohydrate. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;72(5):1135-41. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1135.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11063440 (View on PubMed)

Martens EA, Tan SY, Mattes RD, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. No protein intake compensation for insufficient indispensable amino acid intake with a low-protein diet for 12 days. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2014 Aug 20;11:38. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-38. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 25183991 (View on PubMed)

Martens EA, Tan SY, Dunlop MV, Mattes RD, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Protein leverage effects of beef protein on energy intake in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;99(6):1397-406. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.078774. Epub 2014 Apr 23.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24760974 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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NL41371

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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