Nurses' Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence and Their Relationship With Critical Thinking Dispositions

NCT ID: NCT07134374

Last Updated: 2025-12-02

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 294 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-08-20
• Study Completion Date: 2025-10-01

Brief Summary

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare is gaining momentum, particularly in areas such as diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. While AI offers the promise of increased efficiency and support for evidence-based care, its success depends not only on technology but also on the attitudes and cognitive skills of healthcare professionals. Nurses, who are at the center of patient care, are expected to interact with AI systems. This may require nurses to adapt to new roles and develop critical thinking skills to interpret AI outputs correctly. Despite the growing importance of these factors, no study has examined the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward AI and their critical thinking tendencies. This study, conducted among nurses at Adana City Training and Research Hospital, aims to examine this relationship and contribute to educational and professional development strategies that support the safe and effective use of AI in nursing practice.

Detailed Description

Today's healthcare system is rapidly evolving with technological transformations, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are at the center of this transformation. AI-supported applications in many areas, from diagnosis to treatment planning, patient monitoring systems to medication management, have the potential to optimize clinical decision-making processes and increase efficiency in healthcare services. However, the effective integration of these technologies and their adoption by healthcare professionals depends not only on technical infrastructure but also on users' attitudes and cognitive competencies.

Nurses, an integral part of healthcare services, are a key professional group that will interact directly with AI technologies in patient care processes. The integration of artificial intelligence into nursing practices is manifested in various forms, such as smart patient monitoring systems, virtual nursing assistants, clinical decision support systems, and even robotic assistants. While these innovations hold the promise of reducing nurses' workloads, minimizing errors, and helping them make more evidence-based decisions, they also present a number of challenges, including the transformation of professional roles and new competency requirements. Nurses' attitudes toward artificial intelligence have emerged as a critical determinant factor in the successful adoption and integration of these technologies into hospital environments and daily practice. The literature suggests that healthcare workers' negative attitudes toward new technologies can slow down or even hinder adaptation processes. Conversely, positive attitudes can make nurses more open to learning, increase their willingness to adopt technology, and boost their motivation to integrate it into clinical practice.

On the other hand, critical thinking skills, one of the cornerstones of the nursing profession, refer to the ability to make correct decisions in complex clinical scenarios, implement evidence-based practices, and resolve ethical dilemmas. Although AI systems analyze large datasets to make recommendations, the human factor remains crucial in evaluating the accuracy, reliability, and patient-specific appropriateness of these recommendations. A diagnosis suggestion or treatment plan provided by an AI system should not be blindly accepted by the nurse but critically evaluated, taking into account the source and validity of the information as well as the patient's individual characteristics. For example, an AI algorithm may recommend a medication based on certain symptoms, but the nurse's critical assessment of the patient's allergy history, other drug interactions, or socioeconomic status ensures safe and effective care. In this context, critical thinking serves as a bridge to ensure that AI-supported decisions are consistent with the patient's unique needs and overall care philosophy.

A review of the existing literature indicates that there are studies that examine healthcare professionals' attitudes toward AI or their critical thinking tendencies separately. However, no studies have directly examined the potential relationship between nurses' attitudes toward AI and their critical thinking tendencies. This relationship could provide important insights into how AI should be integrated into nursing education and professional development. If nurses who exhibit positive attitudes toward AI also demonstrate higher critical thinking tendencies, this would highlight the importance of designing AI education programs that encourage critical thinking. Alternatively, if the opposite is true, different strategies may need to be developed to address how negative attitudes may influence critical thinking processes.

Nurses working in large and busy healthcare institutions such as Adana City Training and Research Hospital serve a wide patient population and encounter various technological tools. Understanding the attitudes of nurses working at this hospital toward AI and their critical thinking tendencies will contribute to the hospital's own technology integration strategies and serve as a model for similar-scale healthcare institutions in Turkey. This research will provide an evidence-based foundation for developing educational programs and curriculum updates that facilitate the adoption and safe use of AI in nursing practice. Ultimately, such information will directly contribute to improving patient care quality and strengthening professional adaptation by guiding the development of the necessary competencies for nurses to work effectively and harmoniously with AI in future healthcare systems.

Conditions

Nurses

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: OTHER
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

Registered Nurses

This cross-sectional study includes participants who are registered nurses working actively in a university hospital and who volunteered to participate in the study. The group includes nurses aged 18 and older who possess sufficient language and cognitive skills to complete the study. All participants have clinical experience. The study aims to investigate the potential relationship between attitudes toward artificial intelligence and critical thinking tendencies. No intervention is applied, and data are collected through self-report questionnaires validated for validity at a single time point.

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Nurses who are actively working in a university hospital,
• Have at least 6 months of professional experience, and
• Are willing to participate in the research.

Exclusion Criteria

• Refusal to Participate: Nurses who declined to participate in the study or who did not wish to sign the informed consent form.
• On Leave: Nurses who are on leave, annual leave, maternity leave, or parental leave during the conduct of the study.
• Communication Barriers: Nurses with language barriers that significantly impair their ability to read and understand the questionnaire or who are known to have severe cognitive impairments.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

TC Erciyes University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Sebiha Aktaş Us

PhD

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Abdullah Orhan Demirtaş, Associate Professor

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Adana City Education and Research Hospital

Locations

Turkish Ministry of Health, Adana City Training and Research Hospital

Sinop, Sinop, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Johnson KB, Wei WQ, Weeraratne D, Frisse ME, Misulis K, Rhee K, Zhao J, Snowdon JL. Precision Medicine, AI, and the Future of Personalized Health Care. Clin Transl Sci. 2021 Jan;14(1):86-93. doi: 10.1111/cts.12884. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32961010 (View on PubMed)

Nashwan AJ, Cabrega JA, Othman MI, Khedr MA, Osman YM, El-Ashry AM, Naif R, Mousa AA. The evolving role of nursing informatics in the era of artificial intelligence. Int Nurs Rev. 2025 Mar;72(1):e13084. doi: 10.1111/inr.13084.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 39794874 (View on PubMed)

Alowais SA, Alghamdi SS, Alsuhebany N, Alqahtani T, Alshaya AI, Almohareb SN, Aldairem A, Alrashed M, Bin Saleh K, Badreldin HA, Al Yami MS, Al Harbi S, Albekairy AM. Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC Med Educ. 2023 Sep 22;23(1):689. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 37740191 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Deneme

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id