The Effects of Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Exercise-induced Muscle Damage in Resistance-trained Individuals

NCT ID: NCT05100459

Last Updated: 2023-03-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

39 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-11-15

Study Completion Date

2022-06-14

Brief Summary

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Intense exercise can bring about various side effects to one's body. Less range of motion, increased pain sensitivity, increased muscle swelling, and decreased muscle strength can occur immediately after exercise. These side effects can be referred to exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) and can sometimes last many days. This study's goal is to evaluate the effects of various protein supplements on EIMD symptoms as well as on blood vessel health during the recovery period after muscle damaging exercise.

Detailed Description

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Eccentric exercise can result in exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD), which can cause an abundance of ultrastructural muscular disruption and pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant activity in the body, leading to an impairment of muscular force production and range of motion, along with elevated pain sensitivity, increased swelling, and arterial stiffness. Pasture-raised dairy products, obtained from strictly grass-fed cows, have been shown to possess more anti-inflammatory-, antioxidant-, and antihypertensive-like biochemicals compared with conventional products (i.e., with a different nutrient composition from a diet rich in grains versus grasses). However, human research trials on these products, such as whey protein concentrate (WPC), are neglected. This study addresses this gap, with a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that compares the effect of conventional WPC versus WPC supplementation reported to be derived from pasture-raised cows on vascular function and indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation in response to eccentric EIMD in healthy, young, resistance-trained women and men. Thirty resistance-trained individuals will complete an intense EIMD bout consisting of eccentric barbell back squats and then will be assessed 24, 48, and 72 hours post-EIMD for muscle soreness, range of motion, maximal isometric voluntary contraction, peripheral fatigue via magnetic stimulation, countermovement jump, barbell back squat velocity, and vascular function (i.e., arterial stiffness via carotid femoral pulse wave velocity). Subjects will be grouped into a conventional WPC, pasture-raised WPC, and placebo supplementation group and consume their respective supplementation thrice daily immediately post-EIMD until the study's completion.

Conditions

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Muscle Damage Muscle Soreness

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Pasture-raised whey protein

whey protein from strictly grass fed cows

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Pasture-raised whey protein

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

25 grams of protein delivered 3 times daily

Conventional whey protein

whey protein from conventional animal feeding operation

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Conventional whey protein

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

25 grams of protein delivered 3 times daily

Placebo

Maltodextrin given in iso-caloric amounts to protein

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Iso-caloric placebo taken 3 times daily like the protein supplementation

Interventions

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Pasture-raised whey protein

25 grams of protein delivered 3 times daily

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Conventional whey protein

25 grams of protein delivered 3 times daily

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Placebo

Iso-caloric placebo taken 3 times daily like the protein supplementation

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

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Premium Blend Protein, Pasture Raised, Grass Fed, unflavored, Muscle Feast, Nashport, OH, USA 100% Whey Protein Powder, unflavored, TGS Nutrition, Las Vegas, NV, USA Maltodextrin, Bulk Supplements, Henderson, NV, USA

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Men and women 18-40 years old
* ≥3 months uninterrupted training of ≥3 days/week of resistance training
* Self-reported to be healthy

Exclusion Criteria

* Not within defined age range
* History of allergy to dairy products
* History of experiencing pain while exercising in the lower extremities (i.e., hips/knees)
* Current use of anti-inflammatory/anti-pain medication (i.e., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Tylenol, Advil, or Aleve
* Are pregnant or could possibly be pregnant by self-report
* People who answer 'yes' to any of the pre-participation screening questions on the PAR-Q questionnaire.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Indiana University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Tim Mickleborough

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Timothy D Mickleborough, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Indiana University

Locations

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Indiana University School of Public Health

Bloomington, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Other Identifiers

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12559

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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