Weighted Rope Training in Taekwando Athletes

NCT ID: NCT04272164

Last Updated: 2020-03-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

52 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-05-30

Study Completion Date

2020-01-15

Brief Summary

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of weighted rope jump training on physical fitness in taekwondo athletes. Randomized controlled trail was done on Total 52 male taekwondo players, aged between 13 to 19 years. Players were randomly divided into 2 groups at Khubaib Taekwondo Academy. Experimental group ( n=26) had weighted rope training for 8 weeks, 3 days in a week along with routine taekwondo training and control group (n=26) had to follow only routine training for 8 weeks. Agility t- test, 50 meter run test, sargent jump test, sit and reach test and yo-yo endurance test were performed at baseline, 4th and 8th week to assess the physical fitness in participants. Hand grip dynamometer was used to assess the upper limb strength.

Detailed Description

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Taekwondo (TKD) means "fight with foot and fist" is a very energetic, quick sport. Kicks and punches are used with full force by the athletes to knock down their opponents. Taekwondo (TKD) is one of the most systematic traditional combat practice and fighting sports in Korea that has high status in the world. Taekwondo originated from Korea and has been playing as an Olympic sports since 2000. Presently, it is practiced in 2 methods under International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) and World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). Games are organized on the basis of age, weight, height and gender at national and international level.

In beginning, basic skills are taught to athletes which consist of strikes, blocks, kicking techniques, stances and different form. Taekwondo (TKD) is recognized by using very fast and high kicks. For this, athletes should be physically fit and active. Muscle strength, power, endurance, flexibility, agility, speed and cardiopulmonary endurance are the main components of physical fitness. Ability of muscle to generate maximum pressure voluntarily is called muscle strength. The force generated in a particular motion is called power. Capability of muscle to produce force against maximal resistance is known as endurance. Agility is ability to change direction while maintaining body balance. Speed is described as the shortest time requisite for an object to travel along a fixed distance. Flexibility is defined as an ability of a joint to move freely. In taekwondo sports both aerobic and anaerobic fitness are required but anaerobic energy contributes a lot during the fight.

Taekwondo is a contact sport and as compared to other martial arts, rate of injuries in taekwondo is very high. During kick, the knee is always in extended position. Quadriceps, hamstrings and calf muscles are activated at different times. Gluteal work as stabilizers during kick. Injuries may occur during fight (54%) as well as during training (36%). Lower limb injuries most common (46%) and upper limb injuries are (18%). Less injuries occur in vertebral areas (10%) and skull area (3%). Agility, flexibility, reactivity, endurance, strength and speed are the main factors related to physical fitness and are important in taekwondo (TKD).

Rope jumping training is very effective in improving muscle work, physical fitness and cardiorespiratory endurance. For many sports activities along with kick boxing, fighting, badminton, and combat sports, skipping rope training is a major training tool. Along with rope jump training, weighted rope jumping protocol has also gain importance in improving physical fitness and athletes' performance. Weighted ropes are made up of hard plastic or steel material having different weights in handle and rope portion. Weighted ropes are usually utilized in 2 specific ways. If weight is only present in handles then its mean it will improve lower limb strength, coordination, speed, response and flexibility. If weight is present in both handles and rope portion, the training will show better results for both upper and lower limb strength and coordination. So, in most of the trainings, weighted rope jumping (WRJ) is recommended in order to achieve its useful effects for both upper limb and lower limb.

In 2018, conducted a research work to see the effects of neuromuscular weighted rope jumping training on lower extremity reaction time. Pre and post training visual and auditory response time of both dominant and non-dominant leg was assessed by Opto Jump System and the result indicated that the weighted rope training program is effective in decreasing the reaction time.

In 2017, investigated the effect of simple rope jumping and weighted rope jumping exercise protocol on body structure and strength performance of young women volleyball athletes. The result showed significant improvement in strength and endurance of both upper and lower limb in weighted rope training group.

In 2016, compared the effects of 12-week normal rope jumping protocol with weighted rope jumping training on physical health assessments along with anaerobic efficency, speed, agility and flexibility in girls adolescent volleyball athletes and in the end anaerobic fitness and agility was significantly improved in experimental group.

In 2011 conducted a study to know the outcomes of simple rope skipping or weighted rope skipping training on strength, coordination and proprioception in girls volleyball participants in which results showed that the weighted rope jump protocol group was the most improved group.

In 2015, Speed and Jumping-rope training protocol on fine motor skills of female school population.SO, it was suggested that rope skipping method can be used as a right program for the development of fine motor skills.

In 2013, the study done, it aim to analyze results of weighted rope jumping training (WRJT) performed by repetition procedure on physical fitness and response time of basketball athletes and weighted rope had improved results of heart rate and anaerobic fitness.

Conditions

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Physical Performance

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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technical taekwondo training

Light jogging,running, Stretching exercises,Pushups and sit ups, Punches,Kicks

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

technical taekwando training

Intervention Type OTHER

Light jogging followed by star jump, Different running styles (forward, backward and sideways), Stretching exercises (Upper and lower Limb), Pushups and sit ups, Punches (single, double, triple, nonstop punches including speed and power, punches with forward and backward stepping), Kicks (rising kick, front kick, middle kick, drop kick ( in +out+center), Stances (walk stance, punching stance, front deep stance, kicking stance), Blockings (solar block, upper block and lower block), Self -defense (neck gripping, hand gripping, locking), Sand bag drills, Balance training 10 repeatitions of 1 set each, 3 days a week for 8 weeks

weighted rope taekwondo training

weighted rope jump training along with tachnical taekwando training

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

technical taekwando training

Intervention Type OTHER

Light jogging followed by star jump, Different running styles (forward, backward and sideways), Stretching exercises (Upper and lower Limb), Pushups and sit ups, Punches (single, double, triple, nonstop punches including speed and power, punches with forward and backward stepping), Kicks (rising kick, front kick, middle kick, drop kick ( in +out+center), Stances (walk stance, punching stance, front deep stance, kicking stance), Blockings (solar block, upper block and lower block), Self -defense (neck gripping, hand gripping, locking), Sand bag drills, Balance training 10 repeatitions of 1 set each, 3 days a week for 8 weeks

weighted rope jump training

Intervention Type OTHER

Basic bounce step with both feet 2. Bell jump with both feet 3. Skier's jump 4. Right foot skipping 5. Left foot skipping, 6. Alternate foot step 7. Boxer shuffle 8. Side straddle 9. Scissors 10. Bonus jump with both feet After the preparatory weighted rope jump training (WRJT) for 1 week, subjects in experimental group followed jumping training by repetition method 3 days in a week for 8 weeks in addition to the routine taekwondo training program. 3 sets per week with 30 seconds training duration and 30 seconds rest duration. with progressive increase in the intensity and no. of sets.

Interventions

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technical taekwando training

Light jogging followed by star jump, Different running styles (forward, backward and sideways), Stretching exercises (Upper and lower Limb), Pushups and sit ups, Punches (single, double, triple, nonstop punches including speed and power, punches with forward and backward stepping), Kicks (rising kick, front kick, middle kick, drop kick ( in +out+center), Stances (walk stance, punching stance, front deep stance, kicking stance), Blockings (solar block, upper block and lower block), Self -defense (neck gripping, hand gripping, locking), Sand bag drills, Balance training 10 repeatitions of 1 set each, 3 days a week for 8 weeks

Intervention Type OTHER

weighted rope jump training

Basic bounce step with both feet 2. Bell jump with both feet 3. Skier's jump 4. Right foot skipping 5. Left foot skipping, 6. Alternate foot step 7. Boxer shuffle 8. Side straddle 9. Scissors 10. Bonus jump with both feet After the preparatory weighted rope jump training (WRJT) for 1 week, subjects in experimental group followed jumping training by repetition method 3 days in a week for 8 weeks in addition to the routine taekwondo training program. 3 sets per week with 30 seconds training duration and 30 seconds rest duration. with progressive increase in the intensity and no. of sets.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Male taekwondo players .

* Athletes having experience of minimum one year
* Athletes already following taekwondo training program
* Participants falling in Bantam to light middle weight category

Exclusion Criteria

* • Having had upper and lower extremity pain in movement rated at least 3/10 on Numeric Pain Rating scale.

* Having a systemic pathology including inflammatory joint disease.
* Having had active intervention related to upper or lower extremity pathology in last 3 months
* Having taken anti-inflammatory medication in the past two weeks.
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

19 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Riphah International University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Aisha Razzaq, MS-OMPT

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Riphah International University

Locations

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Riphah International university

Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan

Site Status

Countries

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Pakistan

References

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Pingale N, Ghagare J. Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in young taekwondo athletes. 2017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Fong SS, Ng GY. Does Taekwondo training improve physical fitness? Phys Ther Sport. 2011 May;12(2):100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.07.001.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21496773 (View on PubMed)

Lee SM, Ricke G. Official taekwondo training manual: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.; 2005.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Noorul H, Pieter W, Erie Z. Physical fitness of recreational adolescent taekwondo athletes. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity. 2008;2(4):230-40.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Santos VG, Franchini E, Lima-Silva AE. Relationship between attack and skipping in Taekwondo contests. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jun;25(6):1743-51. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddfb0f.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21512402 (View on PubMed)

Tornello F, Capranica L, Chiodo S, Minganti C, Tessitore A. Time-motion analysis of youth Olympic Taekwondo combats. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jan;27(1):223-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541edd.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22592166 (View on PubMed)

Miller TA. National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)'s Guide to Tests and Assessments. 2012.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Chiodo S, Tessitore A, Cortis C, Lupo C, Ammendolia A, Iona T, Capranica L. Effects of official Taekwondo competitions on all-out performances of elite athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Feb;25(2):334-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182027288.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21233770 (View on PubMed)

Singh A, Boyat A, Sandhu J. Effect of a 6 week plyometric training pro-gram on agility, vertical jump height and peak torque ratio of Indian Tae-kwondo players. Sport Exerc Med Open J. 2015;1(2):42-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Sheppard JM, Young WB. Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing. J Sports Sci. 2006 Sep;24(9):919-32. doi: 10.1080/02640410500457109.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16882626 (View on PubMed)

Wasik J. Structure of movement of a turning technique used in the event of special techniques in Taekwon-do ITF. Archives of Budo. 2009;5:111-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Turner AN. Strength & conditioning for Taekwondo athletes. Professional Strength & Conditioning. 2009(15):15-27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Fortina M, Mangano S, Carta S, Carulli C. Analysis of Injuries and Risk Factors in Taekwondo during the 2014 Italian University Championship. Joints. 2017 Aug 4;5(3):168-172. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1605390. eCollection 2017 Sep.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29270548 (View on PubMed)

Gleim GW, McHugh MP. Flexibility and its effects on sports injury and performance. Sports Med. 1997 Nov;24(5):289-99. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199724050-00001.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9368275 (View on PubMed)

IPEKOGLU G, Erdogan CS, Er F, BALTACI G, COLAKOGLU FF. Effect of 12 week neuromuscular weighted rope jump training on lower extremity reaction time. world. 2018;8:5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Ozer D, Duzgun I, Baltaci G, Karacan S, Colakoglu F. The effects of rope or weighted rope jump training on strength, coordination and proprioception in adolescent female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011 Jun;51(2):211-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21681154 (View on PubMed)

Pulur A. The effects of weighted rope training on muscle damage of basketball players. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 2010;5(11):1787-95.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Orhan S. Effect of weighted rope jumping training performed by repetition method on the heart rate, anaerobic power, agility and reaction time of basketball players. Advance in Environmental Biology. 2013;7:945-51.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Turgut E, Çolakoğlu FF, Güzel NA, Karacan S, Baltacı G. Effects of Weighted Versus Standard Jump Rope Training on Physical Fitness in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2016;27(3):108-15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Lee B. Jump rope training: Human Kinetics; 2010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Khanjani M, Nourbakhsh P, Sepasi H. Effects of jumping-rope training on fine motor skills. Trends in Life Sciences. 2015;4(1):164-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Duzgun I, Baltaci G, Colakoglu F, Tunay VB, Ozer D. The effects of jump-rope training on shoulder isokinetic strength in adolescent volleyball players. J Sport Rehabil. 2010 May;19(2):184-99. doi: 10.1123/jsr.19.2.184.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20543219 (View on PubMed)

Partavi S. Effects of 7 weeks of rope-jump training on cardiovascular endurance, speed, and agility in middle school student boys. Sport Science. 2013;6(2):40-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Haghighi AH, Cheraghian J, Hamedinia MR, Harati J. Comparing the Effect of a Jump Rope Training on Physical and Motor Fitness Components Among Primary School Boy and Girl Students.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

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Fatima iftikhar REC-0577

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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