Markers of Appetite Regulation During Exogenous Ketosis

NCT ID: NCT04156477

Last Updated: 2019-11-15

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

10 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-10-24

Study Completion Date

2019-12-31

Brief Summary

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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship, if any, between markers of satiety, desire to eat, hunger, and metabolic markers of the regulation hereof during ketosis as compared with a Glucose-containing and a Placebo drink adjusted for taste.

Detailed Description

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All subjects are, in random order, tested on three separate occasions with intake of weight adjusted and taste matched drink of i) a ketone ester, and ii) an isocaloric and -volumetric glucose drink, or iii) an isovolumetric tap water drink.

Subjects are studied for five hours with baseline and blood sampling on multiple occasions. A satiety questionaire are included.

Subjects are recruited through notice on website for this purpose. Sample size calculations were performed prior to inclusion (n=10). According to protocolized statistical plan, missing data will not be replaced and no imputation will occur. Data will be analyzed by applying a repeated measurements multilevel model with intervention, time and their interactions as categorical factors. Effects size are adjusted for small sample size.

Conditions

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Ketosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

This is a experimental, randomized, single-center cross-over study.
Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
All subjects are, in random order, tested on three separate occasions with intake of weight adjusted and taste matched drink of i) a ketone ester (HVMN Ketone, 38 Mason St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA) and ii) an isocaloric and -volumetric glucose drink, or iii) an isovolumetric tap water drink. Taste matching for the latter two are done by adding of a bitterness additive (Bitrex, Integriertes Trademarketing GmbH Herderstraße 16, 23564 Lübeck, Germany) with additional adding Stevia (Bodylab Stevia Drops; Bodylab,Plastvænget 3D, 9650 Hadsund, Denmark) for the tap water drink. Subjects will subsequently drink 50 mL of zero-calorie drink (Gatorade (Gatorade Company, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) in order to eliminate any remaining flavour of the intervention drinks.

Study Groups

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Ketone ester

Intake of a ketogenic drink.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ketone ester

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Intake of weight adjusted drink of a ketone ester

Isocaloric and -volumetric glucose drink

Intake of a taste matched glucogenic drink.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Glucose

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Isocaloric and - volumetric taste adjusted drink

Isovolumetric tap water drink

Intake of a taste matched tap water drink.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Tap water

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Isovolumetric taste adjusted tap water (placebo)

Interventions

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Ketone ester

Intake of weight adjusted drink of a ketone ester

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Glucose

Isocaloric and - volumetric taste adjusted drink

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Tap water

Isovolumetric taste adjusted tap water (placebo)

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Males aged 18-65 years
* BMI 20-35 kg/m2
* Expected ease of catheter insertion
* Oral and written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Inability to fully understand the consent including consent forms
* Inability to cooperate to the trial
* Any electrolyte disorders, kidney disease or otherwise compromised renal function including excess risk hereof, e.g. hypertension, albuminuria, autoimmune disease, family history of kidney disease
* Any liver or bile disease including excess risk hereof, e.g. hepatotoxic drugs, alcohol abuse disorder, gallstones, pancreatitis, autoimmune disease, family history of liver disease
* Diabetes mellitus or any metabolic and/or hormonal disease including diagnosed/undiagnosed reactive hypoglycemia or similar disorders. This includes treatment with drugs, dietary supplement with inference on key metabolic or hormonal markers, e.g. insulin, glukagon, lipids, and GLP-1
* Any use of illegal or otherwise use of medicinal products without prescription
* Anemia or other know disease of the hematopoietic system
* Previous bariatric surgery
* Previous myocardial infarction or uncontrolled myocardial ischemia
* Recent intended/unintended weight loss
* Allergies to catheters or adhesives
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Central Jutland Regional Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Henrik H Thomsen, M.D., PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Viborg Region Hospital, Central Jutland

Locations

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Regionshospitalet Viborg

Viborg, , Denmark

Site Status

Countries

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Denmark

References

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Laeger T, Metges CC, Kuhla B. Role of beta-hydroxybutyric acid in the central regulation of energy balance. Appetite. 2010 Jun;54(3):450-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.005. Epub 2010 Apr 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20416348 (View on PubMed)

Stubbs BJ, Cox PJ, Evans RD, Santer P, Miller JJ, Faull OK, Magor-Elliott S, Hiyama S, Stirling M, Clarke K. On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans. Front Physiol. 2017 Oct 30;8:848. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00848. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29163194 (View on PubMed)

Myette-Cote E, Neudorf H, Rafiei H, Clarke K, Little JP. Prior ingestion of exogenous ketone monoester attenuates the glycaemic response to an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy young individuals. J Physiol. 2018 Apr 15;596(8):1385-1395. doi: 10.1113/JP275709. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29446830 (View on PubMed)

Svart M, Rittig N, Luong TV, Gopalasingam N, Vestergaard ET, Gormsen L, Sondergaard E, Thomsen HH, Gravholt CH. Three Weeks on a Ketogenic Diet Reduces Free Testosterone and Free Estradiol in Middle-Aged Obese Men and Women. J Nutr Metab. 2024 Aug 6;2024:9301369. doi: 10.1155/2024/9301369. eCollection 2024.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39139216 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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121953

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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