The Effect of Butanediol Ingestion on Skeletal Muscle Angiogenesis in Hypoxia

NCT ID: NCT06472427

Last Updated: 2024-09-19

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 15 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-07-01
• Study Completion Date: 2024-07-30

Brief Summary

This study specifically aims to elucidate the effects of intermittent exogenous ketosis (IEK) as well as hypoxia on muscular pro-angiogenic factors- after a 60-min HIIT bout in normoxia. Moreover, blood and muscle oxygenation status, as well as peripheral blood flow and cognitive function will be assessed.

Detailed Description

After an exercise bout, angiogenesis is incredibly important in the recovery process as an increased number of capillaries enables higher metabolite transport to and from the working muscle. Often, a training strategy consists of living-high (sleeping at -stimulated- altitude) and training low (training at sea level). A decreased oxygen availability, also known as hypoxia, however poses an additional stress on the human body, potentially compromising the overall training efficiency. Ketones are recently found to increase angiogenesis in response to overload training (increased skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF content) and to increase serum EPO concentrations. Therefore, the investigators want to evaluate the isolated and interactive effects of both ketones and hypoxia on post-exercise recovery and factors implicated in skeletal muscle angiogenesis, after training in normoxia. Moreover, a performance test will be performed after 7h of hypoxic or normoxic recovery by means of a simulated 15 min all-out time trial. During the 7h post-exercise window, biological samples are collected (muscle biopsies, venous blood samples, urine, capillary blood samples). Moreover, blood and muscle oxygenation, peripheral blood flow and cognitive function are assessed at regular timepoints.

Conditions

Ketosis; Hypoxia; Angiogenesis

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

1 session with normoxic post-exercise recovery, supplemented with placebo (NPL)

Normoxic training, followed by normoxic recovery with placebo supplements

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Normoxic recovery and placebo (NPL)

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Altitude: sea level Dietary supplement: placebo. Water: 98.3% w/w Bitter flavour type: 0.7% w/w Monk fruit extract: 0.04% w/w Tasteva: 0.03% w/w Citric acid: 0.6% w/w Flavor blend: 0.02% w/w Bitter masking flavour: 0.2% w/w Passion fruit flavour: 0.005% w/w

1 session with normoxic post-exercise recovery, supplemented with ketones (NKE)

Normoxic training, followed by normoxic recovery with ketone supplements

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Normoxic recovery and ketones (NKE)

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Altitude: sea level Dietary supplement: Commercially available Ketone-IQ butanediol drink R-1,3-butanediol: 28.6% w/v in water

1 session with hypoxic post-exercise recovery, supplemented with placebo (HPL)

Normoxic training, followed by hypoxic (simulated altitude of 3000m) recovery with placebo supplements

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Hypoxic recovery and placebo (HPL)

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Altitude: 3,000m (simulated) Dietary supplement: placebo. Water: 98.3% w/w Bitter flavour type: 0.7% w/w Monk fruit extract: 0.04% w/w Tasteva: 0.03% w/w Citric acid: 0.6% w/w Flavor blend: 0.02% w/w Bitter masking flavour: 0.2% w/w Passion fruit flavour: 0.005% w/w

1 session with hypoxic post-exercise recovery, supplemented with ketones (HKE)

Normoxic training, followed by hypoxic (simulated altitude of 3000m) recovery with ketone supplements

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Hypoxic recovery and ketones (HKE)

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Altitude: 3,000m (simulated) Dietary supplement: Commercially available Ketone-IQ butanediol drink R-1,3-butanediol: 28.6% w/v in water

Interventions

Normoxic recovery and placebo (NPL)

Altitude: sea level Dietary supplement: placebo. Water: 98.3% w/w Bitter flavour type: 0.7% w/w Monk fruit extract: 0.04% w/w Tasteva: 0.03% w/w Citric acid: 0.6% w/w Flavor blend: 0.02% w/w Bitter masking flavour: 0.2% w/w Passion fruit flavour: 0.005% w/w

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Normoxic recovery and ketones (NKE)

Altitude: sea level Dietary supplement: Commercially available Ketone-IQ butanediol drink R-1,3-butanediol: 28.6% w/v in water

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Hypoxic recovery and placebo (HPL)

Altitude: 3,000m (simulated) Dietary supplement: placebo. Water: 98.3% w/w Bitter flavour type: 0.7% w/w Monk fruit extract: 0.04% w/w Tasteva: 0.03% w/w Citric acid: 0.6% w/w Flavor blend: 0.02% w/w Bitter masking flavour: 0.2% w/w Passion fruit flavour: 0.005% w/w

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Hypoxic recovery and ketones (HKE)

Altitude: 3,000m (simulated) Dietary supplement: Commercially available Ketone-IQ butanediol drink R-1,3-butanediol: 28.6% w/v in water

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Written informed consent must be obtained prior to any experimental procedures

2. Biological male or biological females using oral contraception between 18 and 35 years old

3. Recreational or competitive cyclists performing regularly cycling training sessions with an average training volume of more than 6 hours per week

4. Good health status confirmed by a medical screening

5. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18 and 25 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria

1. Any kind of injury/pathology that is a contra-indication for hypoxic exposure and/or to perform high-intensity exercise, evaluated by a sport medical screening

2. Intake of any medication or nutritional supplement that is known to affect exercise or performance. Intake will be assessed during recruitment and the sport medical screening.

3. Intake of analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, or supplementary anti-oxidants, within two weeks of study participation.

4. Recent residence or training under hypoxia; more than 7 days exposure to altitude > 1500 m during the 3 months preceding the study.

5. Blood donation within 3 months of study participation.

6. Habitual smoking

7. Pre-existing, diagnosed psychiatric conditions or anxiety

8. Females that are pregnant or are planning to be pregnant before the end of the study (end of May 2024)

9. Depression or anxiety as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory 25 (Appendix 2) and Beck Anxiety Inventory 26 (Appendix 3). Only a score in the range of 'normal ups and downs' (score 1-10) for depression or 'minimal anxiety' (score 0-7) for anxiety are tolerated.

10. History of addiction or excessive caffeine/alcohol consumption assessed by a questionnaire (Appendix 4).

11. Any other reason that might pose undue risk to the participant, or introduce bias into the study outcomes, at the discretion of the research team.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 35 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

KU Leuven

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Chiel Poffé

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Chiel Poffé

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

KU Leuven

Locations

KU Leuven

Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium

Countries

Belgium

Other Identifiers

S68402

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id