Out-of-home Consumer Food Purchase Behaviour in the Presence and Absence of Value Pricing and Price Promotions

NCT ID: NCT06412276

Last Updated: 2024-11-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2051 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-06-01

Study Completion Date

2024-10-28

Brief Summary

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It is important to understand the role that price-based incentives in the out-of-home food sector play in food purchasing, and whether they lead to positive savings for the consumer (as they would likely anticipate when making purchases), or whether these incentives lead to increased spending and increased purchasing of unhealthy products. Additionally, it is important to consider whether the impacts of price-based incentives differ according to a range of demographic characteristics. For example, some evidence suggests that effects of removing a price-based incentive are greater in individuals with a higher BMI. Evidence also suggests there may also be differences in impact according to socioeconomic position (SEP) as individuals in lower SEP groups reportedly use price-based incentives more frequently. If lower SEP individuals are more affected by price-based incentives (i.e. they prompt ordering in excess and greater spend), then the banning of such strategies could help to reduce health inequalities, by nudging lower SEP consumers toward healthier dietary choices in the OOH food sector.

To date, it is unclear what effect policies which remove specific types of price-based incentives would be likely to have on consumer behaviour. In particular, individual product price reductions (e.g. £ off this product), bulk buy price reductions (e.g., Save £ when bought together) and volume value pricing (e.g., the price increase from a small to large portion size not being directly proportional to volume increase).

Therefore our primary objectives are:

• To observe the effect of removing price-based incentives (individual product price reductions, bulk buy price reductions, volume value pricing) in the OOH food sector on:

* Energy purchased per household
* Money spent per household

Secondary Objectives:

• To explore whether any effects of removing price-based incentives differ based on participant characteristics (BMI, SEP, food choice motives)

Detailed Description

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See attached study protocol for detailed information

Conditions

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Food Selection Healthy Eating Eating Behavior

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

participants will be randomly assigned to one of five conditions.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
Participants will not know the treatment group to which they have been assigned.

Study Groups

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Control

Food menu typical for the out-of-home outlet with

* Product price promotions (25% off orders over £10)
* Bulk buy reductions (bundle options for reduced prices)
* Volume value pricing (increase in size for a disproportionately small increase in price)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Control

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Food menu will be provided as is typical for the out of home outlet

Product price reductions removed

Food menu without product price promotions

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Product price promotions removed

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Food menus with no price reductions to products

Bulk buy price reductions removed

Food menu without price decrease for bulk-buy items (i.e. bundles available but not at a decreased price)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bulk buy reductions removed

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Food menus with bundles provided but not at reduced prices

Volume value pricing removed

For products on the food menu with size increases, increases in price will be made proportionate (as opposed to value)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Volume value pricing removed

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Food menus with proportionate pricing for multi-size products

No price-based incentive

Food menus will be provided with no price-based incentives

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

No price-based incentives

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Food menus with no price-based incentives offered

Interventions

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Control

Food menu will be provided as is typical for the out of home outlet

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Product price promotions removed

Food menus with no price reductions to products

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Bulk buy reductions removed

Food menus with bundles provided but not at reduced prices

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Volume value pricing removed

Food menus with proportionate pricing for multi-size products

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

No price-based incentives

Food menus with no price-based incentives offered

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Currently reside in the United Kingdom
* Over the age of 18 years
* Fluent English speaker Frequently use food delivery apps or websites (at least once a month, on average)
* Frequently eat takeaway pizza (i.e. once every 2-3 months)
* Can complete the study on a laptop or desktop

Exclusion Criteria

* Partaking in a fast or other restrictive eating for religious reasons at time of participation
* Dietary restrictions/intolerances including:

* Gluten-free
* Dairy-free
* Sugar-free
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Liverpool John Moores University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Bristol

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Economic and Social Research Council, United Kingdom

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Liverpool

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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University of Liverpool

Liverpool, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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United Kingdom

Other Identifiers

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Price-based incentive study

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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