Fuel Selection During Eccentric Cycling With Glucose Ingestion

NCT ID: NCT03995693

Last Updated: 2022-05-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

75 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-08-01

Study Completion Date

2021-12-01

Brief Summary

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This study compares fuel selection during eccentric and concentric cycling, with (placebo) or without glucose ingestion during exercise. After a 2-week familiarization and habituation with the ergometers, subjects will complete four experimental conditions in a randomized order: concentric with placebo, eccentric with placebo, concentric with glucose, eccentric with glucose.

Detailed Description

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Cycling on a cycle ergometer typically requires repeated concentric muscle contractions to push on the pedals and produce mechanical work. An eccentric cycling ergometer has a motor that rotates the cranks with a predetermined torque, the cyclist needs to resist to the movement of the cranks. This leads to eccentric muscle contractions, the work is thus produced while the muscle is lengthening (negative work). This mode of exercise is known to produce a lower oxygen consumption (energy cost) for the same mechanical power output and also leads to muscle damage which can interfere with fuel selection.

Conditions

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Exercise Damage Muscle Nutrition

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
Opaque bottles to administer beverages with similar sweet taste.

Study Groups

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Eccentric cycling with placebo ingestion

Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of ECCENTRIC cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2. A PLACEBO solution (water with a non-caloric sweetener) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed. Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Solution ingestion

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Constant load arm cranking

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Expired gas sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Indirect respiratory calorimetry

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Blood sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of central and cutaneous temperatures

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape. A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment. These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of perceived exertion, pain perception and affective response

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling. At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".

Measure of sweat and urine production

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder. Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production. A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants. A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period. Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.

Concentric cycling with placebo ingestion

Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of CONCENTRIC cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2. A PLACEBO solution (water with a non-caloric sweetener) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed. Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Solution ingestion

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Constant load arm cranking

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Expired gas sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Indirect respiratory calorimetry

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Blood sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of central and cutaneous temperatures

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape. A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment. These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of perceived exertion, pain perception and affective response

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling. At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".

Measure of sweat and urine production

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder. Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production. A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants. A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period. Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.

Concentric cycling with glucose ingestion

Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of concentric cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2. A GLUCOSE solution (glucose with a trace amount of 13C) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed. Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Solution ingestion

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Constant load arm cranking

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Expired gas sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Indirect respiratory calorimetry

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Blood sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of central and cutaneous temperatures

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape. A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment. These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of perceived exertion, pain perception and affective response

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling. At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".

Measure of sweat and urine production

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder. Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production. A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants. A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period. Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.

Eccentric cycling with glucose ingestion

Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of ECCENTRIC cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2. A GLUCOSE solution (glucose with a trace amount of 13C) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed. Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Solution ingestion

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Constant load arm cranking

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Expired gas sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Indirect respiratory calorimetry

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Blood sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of central and cutaneous temperatures

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape. A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment. These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.

Measure of perceived exertion, pain perception and affective response

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling. At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".

Measure of sweat and urine production

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder. Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production. A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants. A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period. Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.

Interventions

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Solution ingestion

Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Constant load arm cranking

The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Expired gas sampling

Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Indirect respiratory calorimetry

A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Blood sampling

A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production

Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)

Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Measure of central and cutaneous temperatures

Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape. A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment. These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Measure of perceived exertion, pain perception and affective response

100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling. At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Measure of sweat and urine production

Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder. Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production. A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants. A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period. Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Low alcohol consumption (\<3 drinks/week)
* Non-smokers
* Not regularly taking medication for a known pathology
* Regularly practices endurance sports (cycling, running, etc.)

Exclusion Criteria

* Intolerant to glucose (according to WHO standards)
* Musculoskeletal injury or illness affecting exercise performance
* Failure to respect protocol guidelines (diet, exercise prior to experimentation, etc.)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Université de Montréal

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jonathan Tremblay

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jonathan Tremblay, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Université de Montréal

Locations

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Centre d'éducation physique et sportive de l'Université de Montréal (CEPSUM)

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

Other Identifiers

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eccentric-exogenous

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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