Mid-morning Gel Snacks on Subjective Appetite, Glycemic and Insulin Responses, and Food Intake

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

23 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-02-29

Study Completion Date

2016-08-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mid-morning gel snacks on subjective appetite, glucose and insulin responses, and food intake in healthy weight young adults.

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Detailed Description

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23 (14 male, 9 female) healthy, non-smoking human subjects aged 18-30 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 24.9 were recruited in the experiment. Five gel snacks including a control snack and four modified snacks containing whey protein, oats, coconut oil or maltodextrin were tested. On six separate mornings, at least 3 days apart and after a 12 hours overnight fast, each participant consumed a standardized breakfast of cereal, milk, and orange juice at home, then arrived in the lab 2 hours after breakfast to receive one of the five test snack treatments or skip snack. Subjective appetite by a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) was measured at baseline (0 min) and after each treatment up to 2 h (15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured via finger-prick at the same time VAS measurements were taken. Food intake was measured via ad libitum pizza lunch.

Conditions

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Satiety Food Intake

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Coded snacks in shaded tetrapaks were provided to participants

Study Groups

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Control snack

Participants received control snacks prepared by real fruits (pear, orange and mango)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Control snack

Intervention Type OTHER

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack prepared by real fruits (186.2kcal)

Maltodextrin snack

Participants received maltodextrin snacks (maltodextrin + control snack)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Maltodextrin snack

Intervention Type OTHER

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with maltodextrin (271.8kcal)

Whey protein snack

Participants received whey protein snacks (whey protein + control snack)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Whey protein snack

Intervention Type OTHER

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with whey protein (201.8kcal)

Oat snack

Participants received oat snacks (oat + maltodextrin + control snack)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Oat snack

Intervention Type OTHER

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with oats and maltodextrin (275.8kcal)

Coconut oil snack

Participants received coconut oil snacks (coconut oil + control snack)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Coconut oil snack

Intervention Type OTHER

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with coconut oil (276.4kcal)

Snack skipping

Participants received snack skipping

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Snack skipping

Intervention Type OTHER

no snack

Interventions

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Control snack

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack prepared by real fruits (186.2kcal)

Intervention Type OTHER

Maltodextrin snack

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with maltodextrin (271.8kcal)

Intervention Type OTHER

Whey protein snack

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with whey protein (201.8kcal)

Intervention Type OTHER

Oat snack

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with oats and maltodextrin (275.8kcal)

Intervention Type OTHER

Coconut oil snack

Isovolumetric (238.4g) gel snack with coconut oil (276.4kcal)

Intervention Type OTHER

Snack skipping

no snack

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* be between 18 and 30 years of age
* be healthy, non-smoking and not be taking any medications, including birth control
* body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 24.9

Exclusion Criteria

* fasting plasma glucose \>5.5 mmol/L
* health problems including previously diagnosed diabetes, known or uncertain pregnancy status at screening, gastrointestinal disease, liver or kidney disease
* major medical or surgical event within the past 6 months
* current or recent dieting
* breakfast skipping
* receiving any medications
* menstrual irregularities
* food sensitivities, allergies, intolerances, or dietary restrictions to foods including: cereal, orange juice, dairy, oat, coconut oil, honey, apple, pineapple, strawberry, and pear
* behavioural or emotional problems
* alcohol consumption \>7 beverages/week

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

30 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes