The Frequency of Screening and SBT Technique Trial: The FAST Trial

NCT ID: NCT02969226

Last Updated: 2018-12-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

760 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-01-18

Study Completion Date

2021-03-31

Brief Summary

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Background: The sickest patients who are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) often require assistance with their breathing. When patients start to get better, they gradually do more of the breathing and the machine does less-this is called weaning. Although ventilator use saves lives, the longer it is used, the more complications can occur. Clinicians aim to wean patients from ventilators in a timely and safe manner. In most ICUs, patients are screened (looked at) once per day to see if they are ready to undergo a weaning test (using a variety of techniques) to see if the breathing tube can be removed. Screening more than once per day may allow more weaning tests to be conducted. Knowing the best way to do a weaning test is important because some methods may better determine who can have the breathing tube removed safely. At present, we don't know the best way to help our sickest patients to wean from ventilators.

Patients: Adults in North American ICUs who are on ventilators for at least 24 hours and who can take breaths on their own.

Interventions: Patients in our study will receive one type of screening and one type of weaning test at random. In the 'once daily' screening groups, clinicians will screen patients each morning. In the 'two or more times daily screening' groups, patients will be screened in the morning, afternoon, and whenever else clinicians wish to screen. When screening criteria are met, patients will undergo one of two weaning tests with low ventilator support or no support.

Outcomes: The main outcome of this study will be the time for patients to be successfully removed from the ventilator.

Relevance: For patients, this study will clarify the best way to remove them from ventilators in a timely and safe manner. For clinicians and our health care systems, this study holds promise to improve how critically ill patients are weaned from breathing machines.

Detailed Description

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Goals

1. To identify the best strategy to wean patients from ventilators.
2. To fully engage patients and family members (PFM) in our trial.

Rationale: Nearly 40% of the time on invasive ventilation is spent weaning. In minimizing patients' exposure to invasive ventilation, clinicians are challenged by a trade-off between the complications associated with protracted ventilation and the risks \[ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), mortality\] of premature, failed attempts at extubation. Although randomized trials have been conducted to evaluate different screening practices and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) techniques, most trials were small, predated daily screening, and have limited generalizability to the North American (NA) context where weaning involves respiratory therapists (RTs) and physicians.

In a systematic review of 17 trials (n=2,434), we found that screening protocols, compared to usual care, were associated with a 26% reduction in total duration of ventilation, a 70% reduction in weaning time, and an 11% reduction in ICU stay. Only 1 trial (n=385) compared twice daily screening to usual care and found that patients screened twice daily spent significantly less time on ventilators. Once daily screening is poorly aligned with the continuous care ICU environment. In our international survey, Pressure Support (PS) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and T-piece were the most commonly used SBT techniques. Concerns exist that PS and T-piece SBTs may over and underestimate, respectively, patients' ability to breathe after extubation. Only 1 trial (n=484) has compared T-piece and PS SBTs and found no difference in outcomes. This trial was conducted in Europe, predated daily screening, and was underpowered.

Design: The investigators will conduct a factorial design trial involving 760 patients in 20 NA ICUs.

Population: The investigators will enroll critically ill adults receiving invasive ventilation for \> 24 hours who can initiate or trigger breaths on commonly used weaning modes.

Comparators: Patients will be randomized to undergo a screening frequency (once vs. at least twice daily) AND an SBT technique (T-piece vs. PS ± PEEP).

Outcomes: The primary outcome will be the time to successful extubation. Secondary outcomes will include general and ventilation-specific outcomes that are important to citizens. We expect that more frequent screening, regardless of SBT technique, will reduce time to successful extubation.

This trial will identify the best strategy to reduce the time patients spend on ventilators and in ICUs, clarify best weaning practices, enhance care delivery, and launch a new paradigm of engagement into our research.

Conditions

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Critically Ill

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

SCREENING

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Once daily screening + PS SBTs

In this arm, RTs will screen patients between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hrs daily. If a screening period is missed inadvertently or due to an investigation or intervention (operation/procedure) necessitating absence from the ICU, it may be conducted later on the same day and ideally within 6 hrs of the scheduled screening period. Regardless of group assignment, if the SBT screening assessment is passed, an SBT will be conducted as per protocol. RTs will conduct SBTs using only PS\> 0 and =\< 8 cm H2O with PEEP\> 0 and =\< 5 cm H2O.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Once daily screening

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

RTs will screen invasively ventilated patients between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hours daily. To pass the 'readiness to wean screen' and undergo an SBT, specific criteria must be met.

PS SBTs

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients are assigned a SBT technique. All SBTs for these patients must be conducted on PS \>0 and =\< 8 cm H2O with PEEP\>0 and =\< 5 cm H2O

At least twice daily screening + PS SBTs

In this arm patients will be screened at a minimum between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hours and 13:00 - 15:00 hs daily. If a screening period is missed inadvertently or due to an investigation or intervention (operation/procedure) necessitating absence from the ICU, it may be conducted later on the same day and ideally within 6 hrs of the scheduled screening period. Additional screening trials in the 'at least twice daily' screening arm will be permitted at the discretion of the clinical team \[RTs and physicians\]. Regardless of group assignment, if the SBT screening assessment is passed, an SBT will be conducted as per protocol. RTs will conduct SBTs using only PS\>0 and =\< 8 cm H2O with PEEP\>0 and =\< 5 cm H2O.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Twice daily screening

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

In the 'at least twice daily' screening arm patients will be screened at a minimum between approximately 6:00-8:00 hours and 13:00-15:00 hours daily. To pass the 'readiness to wean screen' and undergo an SBT, specific criteria must be met.

PS SBTs

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients are assigned a SBT technique. All SBTs for these patients must be conducted on PS \>0 and =\< 8 cm H2O with PEEP\>0 and =\< 5 cm H2O

Once daily screening + T-piece SBTs

In this arm + PS SBT' arm, RTs will screen invasively ventilated patients between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hrs daily. If a screening period is missed inadvertently or due to an investigation or intervention (operation/procedure) necessitating absence from the ICU, it may be conducted later on the same day and ideally within 6 hrs of the scheduled screening period. Regardless of group assignment, if the SBT screening assessment is passed, an SBT will be conducted as per protocol. RTs will conduct SBTs using only T-piece (off the ventilator).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Once daily screening

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

RTs will screen invasively ventilated patients between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hours daily. To pass the 'readiness to wean screen' and undergo an SBT, specific criteria must be met.

T-piece SBTs

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients are assigned a SBT technique. All SBTs for these patients must be conducted with T-piece (off the ventilator)

At least twice daily screening + T-piece SBTs

In this arm, RTs will screen invasively ventilated patients between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hours daily. If a screening period is missed inadvertently In the 'at least twice daily + PS SBT' screening arm patients will be screened at a minimum between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hrs and 13:00 - 15:00 hrs daily. If a screening period is missed inadvertently or due to an investigation or intervention (operation/procedure) necessitating absence from the ICU, it may be conducted later on the same day and ideally within 6 hours of the scheduled screening period. Additional screening trials in the 'at least twice daily' screening arm will be permitted at the discretion of the clinical team (RTs and physicians). Regardless of group assignment, if the SBT screening assessment is passed, an SBT will be conducted as per protocol. RTs will conduct SBTs using only T-piece (off the ventilator).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Twice daily screening

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

In the 'at least twice daily' screening arm patients will be screened at a minimum between approximately 6:00-8:00 hours and 13:00-15:00 hours daily. To pass the 'readiness to wean screen' and undergo an SBT, specific criteria must be met.

T-piece SBTs

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients are assigned a SBT technique. All SBTs for these patients must be conducted with T-piece (off the ventilator)

Interventions

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Once daily screening

RTs will screen invasively ventilated patients between approximately 06:00 - 08:00 hours daily. To pass the 'readiness to wean screen' and undergo an SBT, specific criteria must be met.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Twice daily screening

In the 'at least twice daily' screening arm patients will be screened at a minimum between approximately 6:00-8:00 hours and 13:00-15:00 hours daily. To pass the 'readiness to wean screen' and undergo an SBT, specific criteria must be met.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

PS SBTs

Patients are assigned a SBT technique. All SBTs for these patients must be conducted on PS \>0 and =\< 8 cm H2O with PEEP\>0 and =\< 5 cm H2O

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

T-piece SBTs

Patients are assigned a SBT technique. All SBTs for these patients must be conducted with T-piece (off the ventilator)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for \> or = 24 hours.
2. Capable of initiating spontaneous breaths or triggering the ventilator to give a breath on ventilator modes commonly used in the ICU.
3. Fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2) \< or = 70%.
4. Positive End-Expiratory pressure (PEEP) \< or = 12 cm H2O.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Brain death or expected brain death.
2. Evidence of myocardial ischemia in the 24 hour period before enrollment. Except if current trend in troponin is downward AND it has been \> or = 24 hours since last troponin peak or the patient has undergone a revascularization procedure and attending physician has no concerns regarding ongoing ischemia.
3. Received continuous invasive mechanical ventilation for \> or = 2 weeks.
4. Tracheostomy in situ at the time of screening.
5. Receiving a sedative infusion(s) for seizures or alcohol withdrawal.
6. Require escalating doses of sedative agents.
7. Receiving neuromuscular blockers or who have known quadriplegia, paraplegia or 4 limb weakness or paralysis preventing active mobilization.
8. Moribund (e.g., at imminent risk for death) or who have limitations of treatment.
9. Profound neurologic deficits (e.g., post cardiac or respiratory arrest, large intracranial stroke or bleed) or Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) \< or = 6.
10. Use of ventilator modes that automate SBT conduct.
11. Currently enrolled in a confounding study that includes a weaning protocol.
12. Previous enrollment in this trial.
13. Previous SBT or are already on T-piece, or CPAP alone (without PS), or PS \< or equal 8 cm H2O regardless of PEEP, or other 'SBT equivalent' settings immediately before randomization.
14. Previous extubation \[planned, unplanned (e.g. self, accidental)\] during the same ICU admission.
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Unity Health Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Karen Burns, MD, FRCPC

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto, Canada)

Locations

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Longbeach Memorial Hospital

Long Beach, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Keck Hospital of USC

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Tufts Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Michigan Health System

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Temple University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Royal Alexandra Hospital

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

St. Paul's Hospital

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton General Hospital

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Joseph's Hospital

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Niagara Health - St. Catharines

Niagara, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Ottawa General Hospital

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Joseph's Health Centre

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Universite de Sherbooke

Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Ciusss McQ

Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States Canada

Central Contacts

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Karen Burns, MD, FRCPC

Role: CONTACT

416-864-6060 ext. 3567

Leena Rizvi, BSc.

Role: CONTACT

416-864-6060 ext. 2938

Facility Contacts

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Leena Rizvi

Role: primary

References

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Burns KEA, Wong J, Rizvi L, Lafreniere-Roula M, Thorpe K, Devlin JW, Cook DJ, Seely A, Dodek PM, Tanios M, Piraino T, Gouskos A, Kiedrowski KC, Kay P, Mitchell S, Merner GW, Mayette M, D'Aragon F, Lamontagne F, Rochwerg B, Turgeon A, Sia YT, Charbonney E, Aslanian P, Criner GJ, Hyzy RC, Beitler JR, Kassis EB, Kutsogiannis DJ, Meade MO, Liebler J, Iyer-Kumar S, Tsang J, Cirone R, Shanholtz C, Hill NS; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024 Dec 3;332(21):1808-1821. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.20631.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39382222 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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FAST-002

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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