Monitoring Intercostal Muscles After Extubation

NCT ID: NCT02853201

Last Updated: 2018-04-10

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 124 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-08-31
• Study Completion Date: 2018-03-31

Brief Summary

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving treatment for critically ill patients who are unable to breathe on their own. At the time of recovery, separation from the ventilator is performed without difficulty for the majority of patients. However, approximately 15% of patients experience extubation failure, i.e. they are re-intubated after extubation within a period of 48 hours to 7 days. Patients who fail extubation are exposed to a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, higher rates of ventilator-acquired pneumonia, higher morbidity, and higher ICU mortality. Therefore, it is of relevant importance for clinicians to identify patients who are at risk of extubation failure as soon as ventilation has been discontinued. However, current clinical assessment has poor predictive performance: some physiological variables can be helpful but can only be obtained invasively using esophageal and gastric catheters.

Using ultrasound measurements to assess the activity of the respiratory muscles could be of particular interest for this purpose. By showing an early recruitment of the accessory muscles as well as diaphragm dysfunction or hyperactivity, ultrasounds could help clinicians pay greater attention to such patients and therefore try to apply specific therapeutics. There are several advantages to ultrasounds: they are non-invasive, available in most intensive care units, and previous studies have reported reasonable reliability of the measurements.

In the present study, we aim to assess the contractility of the respiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostal, and sternocleidomastoid) using ultrasounds to identify patients who may be at risk of extubation failure and/or ICU readmission.

Detailed Description

This study is a single centre, prospective, physiologic study in extubated patients (n = 110) to assess the contractility of the diaphragm, intercostal, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The purpose is to determine whether employing ultrasounds early after extubation is a useful diagnostic tool to identify patients who may be at risk of extubation failure and/or intensive care unit (ICU) re-admission. The study will be performed in the Medical-Surgical ICU of St. Michael's Hospital.

Once the clinical team has decided to extubate the patient, the research team will approach the patient for consent (if capable) or the patient's substitute decision maker. Demographic information will be extracted from the medical chart and entered into the study case report form (CRF). Ultrasounds of the diaphragm, intercostal, and sternocleidomastoid muscles will be performed within 2 hours of extubation and repeated within 24 hours of extubation (if feasible). The following physiological and biological variables will be collected before and after the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT): mode of ventilation and settings, Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) results, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), temperature, fluid balance in the last 24 hours, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI). At the time of the ultrasound measurements, the following physiological variables will be collected: heart rate, arterial blood pressure, SpO2, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), cough, Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), ambient air, oxygenation, use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), level of dyspnea, level of comfort, nasal flaring, Medical Research Council (MRC) score, and the Respiratory Intensive Care Observation Scale (RICOS). Outcome data will be recorded including: extubation failure, use of NIV and/or high-flow nasal oxygen cannula post extubation, re-intubation, ICU discharge/re-admission status, and tracheostomy. A 7-day follow-up after ICU discharge will signify completion of the study.

Conditions

Respiratory Insufficiency

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Invasive mechanical ventilation ≥ 48 hours
• Successful spontaneous breathing trial completed and extubation decided by the attending physician

Exclusion Criteria

• Withholding or withdrawal of life support
• Patients under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit
• Impossibility to perform ultrasound of the diaphragm of the two accessory muscles: neck surgery, C-spine collar, Halo vest, morbid obesity. Patients will be enrolled as long as access to at least two locations is feasible (intercostal, diaphragm, or sternocleidomastoid).
• Known (hemi) diaphragm paralysis

• Minimum Eligible Age: 17 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Unity Health Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Laurent Brochard

Clinician Scientist

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Countries

Canada

References

Thille AW, Richard JC, Brochard L. The decision to extubate in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Jun 15;187(12):1294-302. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1523CI.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23641924 (View on PubMed)

Matamis D, Soilemezi E, Tsagourias M, Akoumianaki E, Dimassi S, Boroli F, Richard JC, Brochard L. Sonographic evaluation of the diaphragm in critically ill patients. Technique and clinical applications. Intensive Care Med. 2013 May;39(5):801-10. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2823-1. Epub 2013 Jan 24.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23344830 (View on PubMed)

Goligher EC, Laghi F, Detsky ME, Farias P, Murray A, Brace D, Brochard LJ, Bolz SS, Rubenfeld GD, Kavanagh BP, Ferguson ND. Measuring diaphragm thickness with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients: feasibility, reproducibility and validity. Intensive Care Med. 2015 Apr;41(4):642-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-3687-3. Epub 2015 Feb 19.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25693448 (View on PubMed)

Epstein SK, Ciubotaru RL, Wong JB. Effect of failed extubation on the outcome of mechanical ventilation. Chest. 1997 Jul;112(1):186-92. doi: 10.1378/chest.112.1.186.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9228375 (View on PubMed)

Epstein SK, Ciubotaru RL. Independent effects of etiology of failure and time to reintubation on outcome for patients failing extubation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Aug;158(2):489-93. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9711045.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9700126 (View on PubMed)

Parthasarathy S, Jubran A, Laghi F, Tobin MJ. Sternomastoid, rib cage, and expiratory muscle activity during weaning failure. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Jul;103(1):140-7. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00904.2006. Epub 2007 Mar 29.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 17395760 (View on PubMed)

DiNino E, Gartman EJ, Sethi JM, McCool FD. Diaphragm ultrasound as a predictor of successful extubation from mechanical ventilation. Thorax. 2014 May;69(5):423-7. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204111. Epub 2013 Dec 23.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 24365607 (View on PubMed)

Ferrari G, De Filippi G, Elia F, Panero F, Volpicelli G, Apra F. Diaphragm ultrasound as a new index of discontinuation from mechanical ventilation. Crit Ultrasound J. 2014 Jun 7;6(1):8. doi: 10.1186/2036-7902-6-8. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 24949192 (View on PubMed)

Kim WY, Suh HJ, Hong SB, Koh Y, Lim CM. Diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography: influence on weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2011 Dec;39(12):2627-30. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182266408.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21705883 (View on PubMed)

Jung B, Moury PH, Mahul M, de Jong A, Galia F, Prades A, Albaladejo P, Chanques G, Molinari N, Jaber S. Diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with ICU-acquired weakness and its impact on extubation failure. Intensive Care Med. 2016 May;42(5):853-861. doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-4125-2. Epub 2015 Nov 16.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26572511 (View on PubMed)

Adler D, Dupuis-Lozeron E, Richard JC, Janssens JP, Brochard L. Does inspiratory muscle dysfunction predict readmission after intensive care unit discharge? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Aug 1;190(3):347-50. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201404-0655LE. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25084264 (View on PubMed)

Goligher EC, Fan E, Herridge MS, Murray A, Vorona S, Brace D, Rittayamai N, Lanys A, Tomlinson G, Singh JM, Bolz SS, Rubenfeld GD, Kavanagh BP, Brochard LJ, Ferguson ND. Evolution of Diaphragm Thickness during Mechanical Ventilation. Impact of Inspiratory Effort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Nov 1;192(9):1080-8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0620OC.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26167730 (View on PubMed)

Cala SJ, Kenyon CM, Lee A, Watkin K, Macklem PT, Rochester DF. Respiratory ultrasonography of human parasternal intercostal muscle in vivo. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1998 Mar;24(3):313-26. doi: 10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00271-8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9587987 (View on PubMed)

Jesus FM, Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML. Ultrasonographic measurement of neck muscle recruitment: a preliminary investigation. J Man Manip Ther. 2008;16(2):89-92. doi: 10.1179/106698108790818486.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 19119393 (View on PubMed)

Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, Esteban A, Epstein SK, Arabi Y, Apezteguia C, Gonzalez M, Hill NS, Nava S, D'Empaire G, Anzueto A. Risk factors for extubation failure in patients following a successful spontaneous breathing trial. Chest. 2006 Dec;130(6):1664-71. doi: 10.1378/chest.130.6.1664.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 17166980 (View on PubMed)

Thille AW, Harrois A, Schortgen F, Brun-Buisson C, Brochard L. Outcomes of extubation failure in medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 2011 Dec;39(12):2612-8. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182282a5a.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21765357 (View on PubMed)

Thille AW, Cortes-Puch I, Esteban A. Weaning from the ventilator and extubation in ICU. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2013 Feb;19(1):57-64. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32835c5095.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23235542 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

REB# 16-161

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id