The Acute Effect of Coffee Consumption on Stomach, Self-reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Stress.

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-02-28

Study Completion Date

2014-06-30

Brief Summary

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This study investigated the acute effect of the consumption of four different kinds of coffee (hot and cold instant coffee, cold espresso and hot filter coffee) with the same caffeine content on salivary gastrin, cortisol and alpha-amylase concentrations, on self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms and on psychometric assessments in healthy individuals.

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Detailed Description

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Coffee consumption is very common in Greece. Many of the consumers support that certain types of coffee and especially instant coffee cause gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy individuals. Up to now, few studies have investigated the relationship between coffee consumption, gastrointestinal symptoms and stress in healthy individuals with conflicting results.Coffee consumption is related with increased gastric acid and gastrin secretion, however it does not seem to affect stomach or stomach walls. Stress, which characterizes modern lifestyle, also is found to increase gastric acid and gastrin secretion and seems to be exclusively responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms.

Conditions

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Stress Signs and Symptoms, Digestive Blood Pressure Increased Secretion of Gastrin

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Trial 1

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Cold espresso

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold espresso with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Cold instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot filter coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot filter coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Trial 2

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Cold espresso

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold espresso with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Cold instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot filter coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot filter coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Trial 3

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Cold espresso

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold espresso with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Cold instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot filter coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot filter coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Trial 4

Forty healthy men and women, with normal body weight. Volunteers consumed randomly 4 coffee beverages with 160 mg caffeine (hot instant coffee, cold instant coffee, cold espresso, hot filter coffee).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Cold espresso

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold espresso with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Cold instant coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed cold instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Hot filter coffee

Intervention Type OTHER

Volunteers consumed hot filter coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Interventions

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Cold espresso

Volunteers consumed cold espresso with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Intervention Type OTHER

Hot instant coffee

Volunteers consumed hot instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Intervention Type OTHER

Cold instant coffee

Volunteers consumed cold instant coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Intervention Type OTHER

Hot filter coffee

Volunteers consumed hot filter coffee with 160 mg caffeine. Salivary gastrin, alpha-amylase and cortisol and self-reported GI symptoms and stress were collected at fasting and postprandially.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Buondi prestige Nescafé Classic Nescafé Classic Nestlé Professional Plantage Filter Coffee

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Stable body weight for at least 1 month prior to study enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria

* If one volunteer consumed breakfast more than three days a week, their daily caffeine intake was over 500 mg caffeine, was taking medication, their psychological state was strongly influenced by some exogenous factor (e.g. moving to a new house, new job, divorce e.t.c.), was on hypocaloric diet for weight loss, was smoking more than five cigarettes a day, was an athlete with very vigorous physical activity (\> 4 hours vigorous exercise a day), had a history of gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, ulcers e.t.c.), depression, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, blood disorders, liver disease, unregulated hyper - or hypothyroidism, arrhythmia, heart disease, cancer, vascular disease, recent surgery, or severe psychiatric disorders was automatically excluded from the study.

Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

55 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes