Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse (Small-Sided Soccer Games)

NCT ID: NCT06990022

Last Updated: 2025-05-25

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 16 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-04-10
• Study Completion Date: 2025-04-26

Brief Summary

The present study evaluated the influence of carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO- MR) and placebo (PLA) conditions on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance of young male soccer players in 4-Small sided games (SSGs). The study participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed 3 sessions (familiarization, CHOMR and PLA) over fifteen days at a testing facility. Participants took part in two test sessions one week apart. CHO solution was a maltodextrin-based mixture containing 6.4% maltodextrin (Protein Ocean, Türkiye). The PLA solution consisted of pure water. Both solutions were made indistinguishable by incorporating 50 mg of a non-calorific artificial sweetener and 50 mg og sucralose (Fibrelle, Türkiye). A 25-ml bolus of 6.4% maltodextrin solution was utilized in a pre-weighed plastic cup, with sucralose water tested as PLA for each rinse solution.

Detailed Description

The current study used a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced crossover design to compare the effects of CHOMR or PLA on psychophysiological, kinematic responses and technical actions during 4-a-side SSGs. The study intervention programs lasted the same time of the day during separate training sessions in the in-season to avoid various chronobiological factors. The average temperature was 30 °C, with a relative humidity of 35% of the baseline assessments. Second assessments were recorded that the average temperature was 31 °C with a 35% relative humidity. Before the SSGs sessions, anthropometric characteristics were assessed. Players also completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRTL-1) to balance the groups and equally distribute players among SSGs teams based on maximal oxygen uptake ( 2max). The order of different SSGs (CHOMR or PLA) and solutions (MR or PLA) was determined by randomization (www.randomization.com). Each SSGs was separated at least one week apart to minimize the potential negative impact of physical and psychological fatigue on game performance. Continuous monitoring and recording of the heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment and mental fatigue (MF), kinematic responses, and technical actions were conducted during all SSGs. Mood responses were assessed before and after each SSGs. UEFA A licenced strength and conditioning coaches consistently implemented all SSGs sessions on an artificial soccer pitch with verbal coach encouragement.

Conditions

Performance; Soccer; Carbohydrate; Mental Fatigue; Technical Skill

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

CHO Mouth Rinse Protocol (CHO-MR)

CHO solution was a maltodextrin-based mixture containing 6.4% maltodextrin (Protein Ocean, Türkiye). An CHOMR was performed prior to SSGs.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Carbohydrate

Intervention Type: OTHER

CHO solution was a maltodextrin-based mixture containing 6.4% maltodextrin (Protein Ocean, Türkiye). An CHOMR was performed prior to SSGs. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The CHO solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before SSGs and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz

Placebo Protocol

The PLA solution consisted of pure water. A mouth rinse was performed before the SSGs.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Placebo

Intervention Type: OTHER

The PLA solution consisted of purified water. Both solutions were made indistinguishable by adding 50 mg of non-calorific artificial sweetener and 50 mg of sucralose (Fibrelle, Turkey). A 25 ml bolus of 6.4% maltodextrin solution was used in a pre-weighed plastic container and sucralose water was tested as PLA for each rinse solution.

Interventions

Carbohydrate

CHO solution was a maltodextrin-based mixture containing 6.4% maltodextrin (Protein Ocean, Türkiye). An CHOMR was performed prior to SSGs. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The CHO solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before SSGs and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz

Intervention Type: OTHER

Placebo

The PLA solution consisted of purified water. Both solutions were made indistinguishable by adding 50 mg of non-calorific artificial sweetener and 50 mg of sucralose (Fibrelle, Turkey). A 25 ml bolus of 6.4% maltodextrin solution was used in a pre-weighed plastic container and sucralose water was tested as PLA for each rinse solution.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Being healthy
• Male soccer players
• Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion Criteria

• Being under 14 years old
• Having a chronic disease
• Contraindication for carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 14 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 16 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Ersan Arslan

Prof. Dr.

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Erdinc Gorgulu, Doctorate

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Yusuf Soylu, Doctorate

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ersan Arslan, Doctorate

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Bulent Kilit, Doctorate

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Neil D. Clarke, Doctorate

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Birmingham City University

Haitham Jahrami, Doctorate

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain

Achraf Ammar, Doctorate

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Locations

Tokat Gaiosmanpasa University

Tokat Province, Turkey, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Soylu Y, Chmura P, Arslan E, Kilit B. The Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Psychophysiological Responses and Kinematic Profiles in Intermittent and Continuous Small-Sided Games in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, and Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2024 Nov 15;16(22):3910. doi: 10.3390/nu16223910.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 39599695 (View on PubMed)

Soylu Y, Ramazanoglu F, Arslan E, Clemente FM. Effects of mental fatigue on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance in different small-sided soccer games. Biol Sport. 2022 Oct;39(4):965-972. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.110746. Epub 2021 Dec 30.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 36247954 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

UGaziosmanpasa-2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id