Investigating the Effects of Transcranial Stimulation to Advance Stroke Rehabilitation

NCT ID: NCT06842095

Last Updated: 2025-03-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-02-01

Study Completion Date

2027-02-28

Brief Summary

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Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has the potential to boost rehabilitation after stroke by creating a 'pro-plastic' environment, where the brain is more adaptable in response to movement (motor) training. However, responses to classical NIBS protocols are highly variable.

Movement-related changes in specific brain rhythms have previously been shown to be related to recovery of hand/arm function after a stroke. The investigators propose to use NIBS to target movement-related activity in the beta band (13-30Hz) within the motor cortical regions of the brain. The investigators will use a type of NIBS called transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which uses a sinusoidally-varying electrical current where the stimulation frequency is determined to be relevant to the underlying brain rhythms of interest, and the stimulation timed to coincide with specific phases of the hand/arm movement.

The primary aim is to investigate whether beta-tACS improves upper limb movement in stroke survivors.

Detailed Description

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Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. More than 70% of stroke survivors experience motor impairments, often resulting in difficulties in daily activities, such as walking, reaching and grasping objects. Regaining upper-limb motor function is key to quality of life and for reducing the high annual costs due to stroke.

Research indicates that upper-limb motor function recovery depends on the plasticity of neural circuits controlling movement. Beta activity (β, \~13-30 Hz) in the sensorimotor cortex has been associated with brain plasticity and has been proposed to play a pivotal role in human movement and movement disorders. This activity attenuates during movement execution, known as event-related desynchronization (β-ERD), and temporarily increases after the end of movement, known as event-related synchronization (β-ERS).

β-ERD and β-ERS are reliably observed during active and passive movement, movement imagination and movement observation. Changes in movement-related β-ERD and β-ERS have been linked to motor learning, and motor dysfunction in neurological conditions, such as stroke. Studies have shown that stroke survivors with upper limb impairments exhibit significantly lower beta activity compared to healthy individuals, and recovery-related improvements in motor function are accompanied by increases in both sensorimotor β-ERD and β-ERS.

Therefore, modulation of movement-related beta activity (i.e., β-ERD and β-ERS) holds great promise for promoting motor function after stroke. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can be applied during movements to increase plasticity and enhance motor learning and function. However, prior studies have delivered NIBS using a relatively broad approach; modulating general cortical excitability rather than enhancing specific endogenous oscillations in the brain. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a safe and well-tolerated type of NIBS which provides an option for modulating specific frequencies of brain oscillations by delivering a low-intensity sinusoidal electrical current to the brain at a specific frequency.

Therefore, this study will deliver beta-tACS to the ipsilesional motor cortex (M1) aiming to modulate sensorimotor beta activity during upper limb movement in stroke survivors. This study will investigate whether functionally timed beta-tACS has the potential to enhance motor recovery, by assessing whether stimulation delivered at the end of the movement improves upper limb movement (accuracy, smoothness and hand function) and increases the modulation of beta activity. Additionally, the investigators will evaluate whether the effectiveness of the stimulation relates to baseline neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures. Identifying correlates of intervention responsiveness will help future studies to target patients who are most likely to benefit.

Conditions

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Stroke Upper Limb Function

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors
There will be two experimenters: one delivering the stimulation, who will NOT be blinded and one who will be taking behavioural measures and communicating with the participant who WILL be blinded to stimulation condition.

Study Groups

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Active Stimulation (beta-tACS)

Participants will receive one session of active stimulation (beta-tACS) to the ipsilesional hemisphere. The electrode montage will include one electrode positioned on the scalp over the left or right motor cortex (either C3 or C4 using the international 10-20 EEG system), depending on the location of the stroke, and a second electrode over posterior area (Pz). A low intensity of stimulation (max. 4 mA peak to peak amplitude) will be used for up to 30 minutes in total (delivered in short bouts of up to 5 seconds based on the timing of movement of the upper limb).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (beta-tACS)

Intervention Type OTHER

The study intervention is transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

The electrode montage will include one electrode positioned on the scalp over the left or right motor cortex (either C3 or C4 using the international 10-20 EEG system), depending on the location of the stroke, and a second electrode over posterior area (Pz). A low intensity of stimulation (max. 4 mA peak to peak amplitude) will be used for up to 30 minutes in total (delivered in short bouts of up to 5 seconds based on the timing of movement of the upper limb).

Sham Stimulation (tACS)

Participants will receive one session of sham stimulation. The electrode placement will be the same as for the experimental condition, but duration or timing of stimulation will be insufficient to induce intended brain rhythm changes.

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (sham)

Intervention Type OTHER

The comparator is sham stimulation. Stimulation is delivered for a very short duration or timed in such a way relative to movement to mimic the scalp sensations of the active stimulation without delivering stimulation that would be anticipated to impact relevant brain activity rhythms.

Interventions

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Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (beta-tACS)

The study intervention is transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

The electrode montage will include one electrode positioned on the scalp over the left or right motor cortex (either C3 or C4 using the international 10-20 EEG system), depending on the location of the stroke, and a second electrode over posterior area (Pz). A low intensity of stimulation (max. 4 mA peak to peak amplitude) will be used for up to 30 minutes in total (delivered in short bouts of up to 5 seconds based on the timing of movement of the upper limb).

Intervention Type OTHER

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (sham)

The comparator is sham stimulation. Stimulation is delivered for a very short duration or timed in such a way relative to movement to mimic the scalp sensations of the active stimulation without delivering stimulation that would be anticipated to impact relevant brain activity rhythms.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Non Invasive Brain Stimulation beta tACS tACS (sham)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.
* Aged 18 years or above.
* Clinical diagnosis of stroke affecting the upper limb, with sufficient ability to perform the upper limb reaching task.
* At least 3 months post-stroke and discharged from inpatient care.

Exclusion Criteria

* Inability to follow task instructions.
* Other neurological condition affecting movement (e.g. Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis).
* Standard contraindications to non-invasive brain stimulation (TMS, tACS). including (but not limited to) the presence of intracranial metallic or magnetic hardware, seizures, pregnancy, and the presence of a pacemaker or other stimulators/implants.
* Insufficient verbal and written English to comprehend the study and provide informed consent.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Oxford

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Charlotte J Stagg, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Oxford

Catharina Zich, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University of Oxford

Locations

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Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB)

Oxford, , United Kingdom

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United Kingdom

Central Contacts

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Melanie Fleming, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+44 1865 611461

Facility Contacts

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Stuart Clare, PhD

Role: primary

+44 1865 611451

References

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Other Identifiers

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PID17878

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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