Buoy Electrolyte Study on Hydration Status of Active Men and Women

NCT ID: NCT05768789

Last Updated: 2025-05-14

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-09-13

Study Completion Date

2024-04-27

Brief Summary

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Buoy is an all-natural, organic, FDA compliant dietary electrolyte supplement that can be dissolved in 8-12oz water (or other liquid) and provide electrolytes in servings of 1/3 teaspoon. This study will evaluate Buoy in hydrating active adults.

Detailed Description

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Prior to initiation of the study, participants will have a screening visit to complete informed consent and health history. The history for females will include their last date for menstruation and/or birth control method to take into consideration the effects of ovulation on water retention. During this visit we will measure heart rate, blood pressure, height, weight. Females will be administered a urine pregnancy test.

Participants must refrain from vigorous exercise within 24 hours of study visit. Participants will fast (food) overnight for 10h prior to initiation of test. Upon waking they are asked to empty their bowel \& bladder. They can consume one 8oz cup of coffee or other liquid. They will present at 7-8am at which time they will be asked to empty their bladder again. After resting for 5 minutes baseline vitals will be taken, including blood pressure, heart rate, weight, bioimpedance. Urinalysis dipstick for protein/blood/glucose and i-STAT measurement for creatinine and electrolytes on Visit 1 to confirm eligibility. For Visit 2 and Visit 3, the participant will be asked to review medical history and any change in status may warrant an additional baseline creatinine and blood/protein test to confirm eligibility. Additional food or beverage will not be allowed throughout the study period. All studies will be repeated in the same subject using either Buoy (intervention) or water (control) or Nuun (intervention). Urine will be collected at four specific timepoints during the intervention and the volume will be recorded. If participants need to urinate between scheduled collection times, urine will be collected, volume recorded, and combined with the urine collection of the following timepoint. These urine samples will be measured and a fraction of it will be sent to the lab to be tested for the following electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride and urine osmolarity. Urine creatinine will also be tested at these timepoints.

Conditions

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Dehydration Electrolyte Imbalance Electrolyte Depletion Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

All participants received the interventions in the same order one after the other on different days (Buoy, then Water, then Nuun) to complete the 3 arms of the study
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Buoy Electrolyte then Water only then Nuun Electrolyte

Visit 1: Buoy intervention amount is 4% of total body weight given in 16 divided doses over 4 hours. The goal is to give 600mg of Na+ over 4 hours while measuring urine output over 6 hours. Therefore, to safely achieve a total dose 600mg Na+ (6-fold increase from single dose) we will use 4 tsps (18 ml) of Buoy diluted in 1 L of water.

Visit 2: Water serves as a control. Participants will ingest the same quantity of water (1 L) at a rate of 6.25% of the calculated amount of water every 15 min for 4 hours.

Visit 3: Nuun intervention given as 1L bolus and then free water in divided doses for a total of 4% total body weight. The goal is to give a one-time dose of Nuun (600mg Na+) at the start of the trial, diluted in 1L water to be consumed within 30 min (similar to prior published data, Pence 2020).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Buoy Electrolyte

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Each subject consumed Beverage 1 (Buoy Hydration Drops) at a dose containing 600 mg/L of Na+ over 4 hours while measuring urine output over 6 hours.

Water only

Intervention Type OTHER

Each subjected ingested 1 L of Kirkland® bottled water at a rate of 6.25% of the total amount of water every 15 minutes for four hours

Nuun Electrolyte

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Each subject consumed 1 L of water with two dissolved Nuun® Sport Hydration tabs (Nuun, Seattle, WA), containing 600 mg of sodium, over 30 minutes (2 equal volumes every 15 minutes) while measuring urine output over 6 hours (

Interventions

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Buoy Electrolyte

Each subject consumed Beverage 1 (Buoy Hydration Drops) at a dose containing 600 mg/L of Na+ over 4 hours while measuring urine output over 6 hours.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Water only

Each subjected ingested 1 L of Kirkland® bottled water at a rate of 6.25% of the total amount of water every 15 minutes for four hours

Intervention Type OTHER

Nuun Electrolyte

Each subject consumed 1 L of water with two dissolved Nuun® Sport Hydration tabs (Nuun, Seattle, WA), containing 600 mg of sodium, over 30 minutes (2 equal volumes every 15 minutes) while measuring urine output over 6 hours (

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Male or female, \>18 to 45 years of age
* Freely given written consent
* Non-tobacco users
* Negative pregnancy test in women of childbearing potential
* BMI \< 35 kg/m2
* GFR \> 60 ml/min
* No known underlying medical condition
* Willing to refrain from EtOH for 24h prior to test day
* Willing to refrain from strenuous exercise for 24 h prior to each test day
* Acceptable to have one 8oz cup of coffee/liquid on the morning of the test, but must be consistent each visit
* Without active infection of any kind
* Engaged in exercise three or more hours per week

Exclusion Criteria

* Abnormal creatinine (Cr \> 1.2).
* Proteinuria / hematuria / glucosuria based on urine dipstick.
* Diagnosed medical condition that would impede results (CHF, HTN, CAD, CKD, history of electrolyte abnormality).
* Pregnancy
* Use of diuretics within past 2 weeks
* Obesity (BMI \> 35)
* Active infection based on symptoms (bacterial or viral)
* Hemodynamic abnormality at screening visit: Blood pressure less than 100/60 or greater than 140/90.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Pittsburgh

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Harikesh Subramanian

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Harikesh Subramanian, MBBS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UPMC Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

Locations

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UPMC Montefiore Hospital

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

UPMC Presbyterian

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Perrier ET. Shifting Focus: From Hydration for Performance to Hydration for Health. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70 Suppl 1:4-12. doi: 10.1159/000462996. Epub 2017 Jun 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28614817 (View on PubMed)

Liska D, Mah E, Brisbois T, Barrios PL, Baker LB, Spriet LL. Narrative Review of Hydration and Selected Health Outcomes in the General Population. Nutrients. 2019 Jan 1;11(1):70. doi: 10.3390/nu11010070.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30609670 (View on PubMed)

Popkin BM, D'Anci KE, Rosenberg IH. Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev. 2010 Aug;68(8):439-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20646222 (View on PubMed)

Nuccio RP, Barnes KA, Carter JM, Baker LB. Fluid Balance in Team Sport Athletes and the Effect of Hypohydration on Cognitive, Technical, and Physical Performance. Sports Med. 2017 Oct;47(10):1951-1982. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0738-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28508338 (View on PubMed)

Von Duvillard SP, Braun WA, Markofski M, Beneke R, Leithauser R. Fluids and hydration in prolonged endurance performance. Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):651-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.011.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15212747 (View on PubMed)

American College of Sports Medicine; Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):377-90. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17277604 (View on PubMed)

Lee EC, Fragala MS, Kavouras SA, Queen RM, Pryor JL, Casa DJ. Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Oct;31(10):2920-2937. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002122.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28737585 (View on PubMed)

Kenefick RW. Drinking Strategies: Planned Drinking Versus Drinking to Thirst. Sports Med. 2018 Mar;48(Suppl 1):31-37. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0844-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29368181 (View on PubMed)

Love TD, Baker DF, Healey P, Black KE. Measured and perceived indices of fluid balance in professional athletes. The use and impact of hydration assessment strategies. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Apr;18(3):349-356. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1418910. Epub 2018 Jan 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29364084 (View on PubMed)

Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Development of hydration strategies to optimize performance for athletes in high-intensity sports and in sports with repeated intense efforts. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Oct;20 Suppl 2:59-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01191.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20840563 (View on PubMed)

Evans GH, James LJ, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Optimizing the restoration and maintenance of fluid balance after exercise-induced dehydration. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Apr 1;122(4):945-951. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00745.2016. Epub 2017 Jan 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28126906 (View on PubMed)

Pence J, Bloomer RJ. Impact of Nuun Electrolyte Tablets on Fluid Balance in Active Men and Women. Nutrients. 2020 Oct 2;12(10):3030. doi: 10.3390/nu12103030.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33023276 (View on PubMed)

Maughan RJ, Watson P, Cordery PA, Walsh NP, Oliver SJ, Dolci A, Rodriguez-Sanchez N, Galloway SD. A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Mar;103(3):717-23. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114769. Epub 2015 Dec 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26702122 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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STUDY22090018

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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