Carbohydrate Intake and Gut Hormone Release During Exercise
NCT ID: NCT04019418
Last Updated: 2024-08-09
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
12 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-02-21
2020-02-12
Brief Summary
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Individuals undertaking physical activity often consume foods immediately before exercise in order to improve their performance. However, it is currently unknown whether this eating practice influences the gut hormone response to exercise as well as how hungry an individual feels post-exercise.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of consuming a sugary (carbohydrate) drink immediately before starting an exercise session on the concentration of these gut hormones as well as the amount of food eaten in the hours following exercise completion.
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Detailed Description
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Despite suppressing hunger and delaying eating, acute exercise does not appear to alter short-term energy intake in the immediate hours following exercise completion. The absence of a compensatory response therefore creates an energy deficit capable of inducing weight loss. Strategies that augment the gut hormone response to acute exercise may thus increase the potency of exercise as a weight-loss tool.
Research investigating the effect of exercise on appetite has frequently utilised participants in a fasting state. Undertaking exercise in this physiological condition contradicts current practices, as athletes often consume a carbohydrate source immediately prior to exercise in an attempt to maximise performance. It is currently unknown as to whether the consumption of carbohydrate during this period may further enhance the gut hormone response to exercise, and thus research into a potential additive effect is warranted.
High-intensity exercise increases sympathetic nervous system activity and catecholamine release. Catecholamine concentrations are negatively correlated with acylated ghrelin concentrations and may directly stimulate GLP-1 and PYY release via activation of β-receptors located on L-cells. The decrease in gastric emptying rate that is observed during high-intensity exercise is also attributed to this increase in sympathetic activity. Consequently, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity has been postulated as a key mechanism underlying exercise-induced changes in gut hormone concentrations. However, to our knowledge, no study has directly measured the relationship between sympathetic nervous system activity and anorexigenic gut hormone release during exercise.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine any potential additive effects of carbohydrate ingestion immediately prior to exercise on gut hormone release and post-exercise appetite suppression. Furthermore, this study will look to investigate the mechanisms underlying changes in gut hormone concentrations experienced during exercise.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
BASIC_SCIENCE
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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No Carbohydrate Drink + Rest
Participants will consume the no carbohydrate drink (300ml water) followed by a rest session
Rest
30 minutes laying on a bed
Water
A drink containing 300ml of water
No Carbohydrate Drink + Exercise
Participants will consume the no carbohydrate drink (300ml water) followed by an exercise session (75% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer)
Exercise
30 minutes on a cycle ergometer working at 75% VO2 max
Water
A drink containing 300ml of water
Carbohydrate Drink + Rest
Participants will consume the carbohydrate drink (300ml water + 75g maltodextrin) followed by a rest session
Maltodextrin (carbohydrate)
A drink containing 300ml of water and 75g of maltodextrin
Rest
30 minutes laying on a bed
Carbohydrate Drink + Exercise
Participants will consume the carbohydrate drink (300ml water + 75g maltodextrin) followed by an exercise session (75% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer)
Maltodextrin (carbohydrate)
A drink containing 300ml of water and 75g of maltodextrin
Exercise
30 minutes on a cycle ergometer working at 75% VO2 max
Interventions
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Maltodextrin (carbohydrate)
A drink containing 300ml of water and 75g of maltodextrin
Exercise
30 minutes on a cycle ergometer working at 75% VO2 max
Rest
30 minutes laying on a bed
Water
A drink containing 300ml of water
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Age between 18-40 years (inclusive)
* Body mass index (BMI) of 18-30 kg/m2
* Willingness and ability to give written informed consent and willingness and ability to understand, to participate and to comply with the study requirements
Exclusion Criteria
* Screening blood results outside of normal reference values
* Current smokers
* Current or history of substance abuse and/or excess alcohol intake
* Diabetes
* Cardiovascular disease
* Cancer
* Gastrointestinal disease e.g. inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome
* Kidney disease
* Liver disease
* Pancreatitis
* Started new medication within the last 3 months likely to interfere with energy metabolism, appetite regulation and hormonal balance, including: anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids, antibiotics, androgens, phenytoin, erythromycin or thyroid hormones.
* Participation in a research study in the 12 week period prior to entering this study.
* Any blood donation within the 12 week period prior to entering this study
18 Years
40 Years
MALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Imperial College London
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Edward Chambers, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Imperial College London
Locations
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Imperial Clinical Research Facility
London, , United Kingdom
Countries
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References
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Frampton J, Serrano-Contreras JI, Garcia-Perez I, Franco-Becker G, Penhaligan J, Tan ASY, de Oliveira ACC, Milner AJ, Murphy KG, Frost G, Chambers ES. The metabolic interplay between dietary carbohydrate and exercise and its role in acute appetite regulation in males: a randomized controlled study. J Physiol. 2023 Aug;601(16):3461-3480. doi: 10.1113/JP284294. Epub 2023 Jun 15.
Other Identifiers
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18HH4889
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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