Carbohydrate Intake and Gut Hormone Release During Exercise

NCT ID: NCT04019418

Last Updated: 2024-08-09

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

12 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-02-21

Study Completion Date

2020-02-12

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

It is well known that following a single session of moderate-to-high intensity exercise individuals experience a temporary suppression of hunger and a delay in the commencement of eating. This effect is believed to be due to changes in blood concentrations of specific hormones released from the gut that influence appetite.

Individuals undertaking physical activity often consume foods immediately before exercise in order to improve their performance. However, it is currently unknown whether this eating practice influences the gut hormone response to exercise as well as how hungry an individual feels post-exercise.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of consuming a sugary (carbohydrate) drink immediately before starting an exercise session on the concentration of these gut hormones as well as the amount of food eaten in the hours following exercise completion.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

It is well established that following an acute bout of moderate-to-high intensity exercise individuals experience a transient suppression of hunger and a delay in the commencement of eating - a phenomenon referred to as exercise-induced anorexia. Acute exercise modulates the concentrations of gut hormones known to influence satiety, including the anorexigenic hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), as well as the acylated form of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin. These alterations in gut hormone concentrations have consequently been hypothesised to play a key role in exercise-induced anorexia.

Despite suppressing hunger and delaying eating, acute exercise does not appear to alter short-term energy intake in the immediate hours following exercise completion. The absence of a compensatory response therefore creates an energy deficit capable of inducing weight loss. Strategies that augment the gut hormone response to acute exercise may thus increase the potency of exercise as a weight-loss tool.

Research investigating the effect of exercise on appetite has frequently utilised participants in a fasting state. Undertaking exercise in this physiological condition contradicts current practices, as athletes often consume a carbohydrate source immediately prior to exercise in an attempt to maximise performance. It is currently unknown as to whether the consumption of carbohydrate during this period may further enhance the gut hormone response to exercise, and thus research into a potential additive effect is warranted.

High-intensity exercise increases sympathetic nervous system activity and catecholamine release. Catecholamine concentrations are negatively correlated with acylated ghrelin concentrations and may directly stimulate GLP-1 and PYY release via activation of β-receptors located on L-cells. The decrease in gastric emptying rate that is observed during high-intensity exercise is also attributed to this increase in sympathetic activity. Consequently, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity has been postulated as a key mechanism underlying exercise-induced changes in gut hormone concentrations. However, to our knowledge, no study has directly measured the relationship between sympathetic nervous system activity and anorexigenic gut hormone release during exercise.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine any potential additive effects of carbohydrate ingestion immediately prior to exercise on gut hormone release and post-exercise appetite suppression. Furthermore, this study will look to investigate the mechanisms underlying changes in gut hormone concentrations experienced during exercise.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Obesity

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Participants perform all four trials in a randomized order
Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators
Participants and investigators will be masked to the contents of the beverage. They will not be masked to whether it is a resting or exercise condition as this is not possible.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

No Carbohydrate Drink + Rest

Participants will consume the no carbohydrate drink (300ml water) followed by a rest session

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Rest

Intervention Type OTHER

30 minutes laying on a bed

Water

Intervention Type OTHER

A drink containing 300ml of water

No Carbohydrate Drink + Exercise

Participants will consume the no carbohydrate drink (300ml water) followed by an exercise session (75% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

30 minutes on a cycle ergometer working at 75% VO2 max

Water

Intervention Type OTHER

A drink containing 300ml of water

Carbohydrate Drink + Rest

Participants will consume the carbohydrate drink (300ml water + 75g maltodextrin) followed by a rest session

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Maltodextrin (carbohydrate)

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

A drink containing 300ml of water and 75g of maltodextrin

Rest

Intervention Type OTHER

30 minutes laying on a bed

Carbohydrate Drink + Exercise

Participants will consume the carbohydrate drink (300ml water + 75g maltodextrin) followed by an exercise session (75% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Maltodextrin (carbohydrate)

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

A drink containing 300ml of water and 75g of maltodextrin

Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

30 minutes on a cycle ergometer working at 75% VO2 max

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Maltodextrin (carbohydrate)

A drink containing 300ml of water and 75g of maltodextrin

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Exercise

30 minutes on a cycle ergometer working at 75% VO2 max

Intervention Type OTHER

Rest

30 minutes laying on a bed

Intervention Type OTHER

Water

A drink containing 300ml of water

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Male
* Age between 18-40 years (inclusive)
* Body mass index (BMI) of 18-30 kg/m2
* Willingness and ability to give written informed consent and willingness and ability to understand, to participate and to comply with the study requirements

Exclusion Criteria

* Abnormal ECG
* Screening blood results outside of normal reference values
* Current smokers
* Current or history of substance abuse and/or excess alcohol intake
* Diabetes
* Cardiovascular disease
* Cancer
* Gastrointestinal disease e.g. inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome
* Kidney disease
* Liver disease
* Pancreatitis
* Started new medication within the last 3 months likely to interfere with energy metabolism, appetite regulation and hormonal balance, including: anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids, antibiotics, androgens, phenytoin, erythromycin or thyroid hormones.
* Participation in a research study in the 12 week period prior to entering this study.
* Any blood donation within the 12 week period prior to entering this study
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Imperial College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Edward Chambers, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Imperial College London

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Imperial Clinical Research Facility

London, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United Kingdom

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Frampton J, Serrano-Contreras JI, Garcia-Perez I, Franco-Becker G, Penhaligan J, Tan ASY, de Oliveira ACC, Milner AJ, Murphy KG, Frost G, Chambers ES. The metabolic interplay between dietary carbohydrate and exercise and its role in acute appetite regulation in males: a randomized controlled study. J Physiol. 2023 Aug;601(16):3461-3480. doi: 10.1113/JP284294. Epub 2023 Jun 15.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 37269207 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

18HH4889

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

IG vs ID Bitter Administration
NCT03985865 COMPLETED PHASE4