Scaling up Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) in Rural Idaho Schools

NCT ID: NCT03736395

Last Updated: 2023-10-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-01-01

Study Completion Date

2023-08-31

Brief Summary

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This project will examine the scale-up of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (SWPBIS), specifically focusing on rural schools in Idaho. The Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) is an approach designed to improve SWPBIS implementation in rural schools, via strategies such as capacity-building, regional coordination, online learning modules, and technical assistance. The study uses a cluster randomized design to allocate 40 schools to one of two conditions: control and intervention. Schools in the control condition will receive basic SWPBIS training. Schools in the intervention condition will receive the basic SWPBIS training plus additional I-RIM supports. To assess SWPBIS implementation and outcomes, process and outcome measures will be collected. Outcomes will include school implementation observations, and teacher and staff implementation measures. Student-level outcomes will include behavior, perceived climate, and academic achievement as measured by the standardized state test. Student-level data include those that are part of standard data collection by schools (such as academic outcomes) and will be de-identified by school officials before sending to the researchers for analysis.

Detailed Description

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The long-term goal of this project is to support rural schools in implementing practices that can improve student safety and social-emotional outcomes, through the use of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (SWPBIS). Rural schools experience challenges in implementing systems-changes, and the Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) is an approach specifically designed to improve SWPBIS implementation in rural schools through strategies such as capacity-building, regional coordination, online learning modules, and technical assistance. These approaches are all designed to meet the unique challenges and strengths of schools in rural settings.

The study uses a cluster randomized design to allocate 40 schools to one of two conditions: control or intervention. Schools in the control condition will receive basic SWPBIS training. Schools in the intervention condition will receive the basic SWPBIS training plus additional I-RIM supports. This trial is designed to address several aims:

Aim 1: To test the impact of the I-RIM intervention on student-level outcomes, including behavioral outcomes, academic test scores, and perceived safety/climate.

Aim 2. To examine whether changes in student outcomes are mediated by school-level improvements in the speed and fidelity with which SWPBIS is implemented.

Aim 3. To identify school-level factors that are associated with SWPBIS implementation (moderators of intervention effectiveness).

At all schools, baseline data collection will begin in early 2019. The intervention will begin in the spring of 2019 with selected elements of the I-RIM intervention (regional meetings, and a coaching institute) for schools in the intervention condition. All schools will begin SWPBIS implementation in the 2019-20 school year, which will continue through the 2020-2021 school year. Data collection points will be identical for schools in both conditions. Primary student outcome measures include data that are already gathered by schools, including: behavioral outcomes including office disciplinary referrals, suspensions, and expulsions; academic test scores; and perceived climate.

Conditions

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Problem Behavior

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

A portion of participating schools will receive the Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) intervention, designed to support implementation of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). All other participating schools will only receive basic training session about SWPBIS. The process to determine which schools receive the intervention is random. Intervention is at the school level. Outcomes are at the school level, staff level, and student level (anonymous).
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
All data collectors will be masked.

Study Groups

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Control

Schools in this condition will be provided a four-day training about Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, and bi-yearly feedback about progress monitoring and action planning.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Control

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Schools in this condition will receive a four-day training session about SWPBIS.

I-RIM Intervention

Schools in this condition will be provided the same basic training as the control condition, plus the elements of the Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Idaho Rural Implementation Model

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) includes several aspects to support implementation of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). In the first year, schools will send a staff member to a coaching institute to build internal capacity. Schools will also receive technical assistance (on-site twice per year and virtual support as needed). Schools will also receive statewide professional learning opportunities, through one group meeting per year, and through access to an invitation-only professional learning community.

Interventions

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Idaho Rural Implementation Model

The Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) includes several aspects to support implementation of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). In the first year, schools will send a staff member to a coaching institute to build internal capacity. Schools will also receive technical assistance (on-site twice per year and virtual support as needed). Schools will also receive statewide professional learning opportunities, through one group meeting per year, and through access to an invitation-only professional learning community.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Control

Schools in this condition will receive a four-day training session about SWPBIS.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* School is a public school in a rural location in the state of Idaho, serving students in any combination of grades Kindergarten through grade 12.
* Staff work at a school participating in this trial.
* Student attends a school participating in this trial.

Exclusion Criteria

* None.
Minimum Eligible Age

5 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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U.S. Department of Justice

FED

Sponsor Role collaborator

Boise State University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Lindsey Turner

Research Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Lindsey Turner, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Boise State University

Locations

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Boise State University

Boise, Idaho, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Horner RH, Todd AW, Lewis-Palmer T, Irvin LK, Sugai G, Boland JB. The School-Wide Evaluation Tool: A research instrument for assessing school-wide positive behavior support. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 6(1):3-12, 2004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Calvert HG, Fleming CM, Lowe M, Lewis T, Siebert CF, Havlicak A, Anderson N, Castleton T, Turner L. Training and Technical Assistance Increase the Fidelity of Implementation of a Universal Prevention Initiative in Rural Schools: Results from a 3-Year Cluster-Randomized Trial. Prev Sci. 2025 Jan;26(1):56-68. doi: 10.1007/s11121-025-01776-0. Epub 2025 Feb 3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39899222 (View on PubMed)

Fleming CM, Calvert HG, Turner L. Supporting implementation of universal prevention initiatives in K-12 schools: impacts on fidelity through organizational readiness and team functioning in a cluster-randomized trial. Implement Sci Commun. 2025 Jan 6;6(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00691-9.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39763002 (View on PubMed)

Calvert HG, McQuilkin M, Havlicak A, Lewis T, Turner L. Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of Rural School Support Strategies for behavioral interventions: a mixed methods evaluation over two years of a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial. Implement Sci Commun. 2023 Aug 11;4(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s43058-023-00478-4.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37568206 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2017-CK-BX-0021

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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