Menu to Meal (M2M) Menu Labeling Intervention Study

NCT ID: NCT07329452

Last Updated: 2026-01-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

240 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-11-17

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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This study evaluates the impact of culturally tailored menu labeling interventions on psychosocial factors and ordering behavior among customers in two independently owned Hispanic restaurants in East-Central Texas. Participants will be exposed to one of three sequential menu conditions at each restaurant: (1) a standard menu without nutrition information, (2) a paper menu with bilingual nutrition labels, or (3) a digital menu app enhanced with Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) providing interactive nutrition guidance. The study will assess whether menu formats influence nutrition literacy, decision-making confidence, self-efficacy, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and actual ordering behavior. Data will be collected through surveys, purchase receipts, and app interaction logs.

Detailed Description

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Detailed Description:

This study aims to design and evaluate a culturally tailored, bilingual menu labeling intervention incorporating AR and AI features in small, independently owned Hispanic restaurants. The intervention seeks to promote informed food ordering by targeting psychosocial constructs known to influence food choice. Three sequential conditions will be implemented: (1) baseline with standard menus and no nutrition labels, (2) paper menus with visible bilingual nutrition labels, and (3) a digital AR/AI-enhanced menu.

Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory, the study focuses on constructs such as decision-making confidence, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The two primary objectives are to (1) develop a culturally informed digital menu labeling tool and (2) evaluate its effectiveness compared with standard and paper menu formats in shaping psychosocial factors and actual ordering behavior.

Participants will be recruited during restaurant visits and exposed to the menu condition corresponding to their visit timing. Surveys will be administered before ordering to assess psychosocial factors, label awareness, and behavioral intentions. A formative needs assessment conducted prior to implementation will ensure cultural and linguistic appropriateness. Findings will provide evidence on the effectiveness of innovative, theory-informed digital interventions in promoting informed food choices in culturally specific restaurant settings not subject to federal nutrition labeling requirements.

Conditions

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Behavior, Eating

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This study uses a within-site, quasi-experimental design at two independently owned Hispanic restaurants. The intervention consists of three sequential conditions: (1) a baseline phase with the standard menu, (2) a paper menu phase featuring bilingual nutrition labels, and (3) a digital menu phase using a mobile app enhanced with augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Each condition enrolls distinct participants to compare the effects of different menu labeling formats on ordering behavior and psychosocial outcomes. The restaurants serve as their own controls, allowing for direct comparison of menu formats within the same real-world setting.
Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Participants in this study will be partially blinded to the specific aims of the intervention to minimize bias. While they will be aware they are participating in a study about menu use and food choices, they will not be informed of the detailed differences or hypotheses related to the nutrition labeling formats to reduce influence on their ordering behavior. Research staff collecting data will also be trained to maintain neutrality, but full masking is not possible due to the visible differences in menu formats across study phases.

Study Groups

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Baseline condition

Standard menu with no nutrition information.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Paper menu condition

Bilingual paper menus display numeric and icon-based nutrition information, including calories, saturated fat, and sodium.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Paper menu

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Paper menu with bilingual nutrition labels

AR/AI digital menu condition

Mobile app providing interactive nutrition information and personalized guidance based on dietary preferences.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Digital menu condition

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

AR/AI-enhanced digital menu giving interactive nutrition guidance

Interventions

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Paper menu

Paper menu with bilingual nutrition labels

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Digital menu condition

AR/AI-enhanced digital menu giving interactive nutrition guidance

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Adults aged 18 years or older
* Patrons dining at participating Hispanic restaurants during designated study hours
* Able to read and speak English or Spanish
* Willing and able to provide informed consent
* Pregnant women are eligible to participate, as the study procedures pose minimal risk

Exclusion Criteria

* Minors under 18 years of age
* Individuals with visual or cognitive impairments that prevent interaction with the menu formats or AR/AI technology
* Individuals who have participated in a prior phase of the study
* Restaurant staff involved in study implementation
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Texas A&M University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Hyunjung Lee

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Hyunjung Lee, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University

Locations

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Local Restaurant Site

Bryan, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Hyunjung Lee, PhD

Role: CONTACT

979-321-7084

Chinanu Gubor, MS

Role: CONTACT

Facility Contacts

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Hyunjung Lee, PhD

Role: primary

Chinanu Gubor, MS

Role: backup

Other Identifiers

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STUDY2025-1204

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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