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NCT03337633

Effects of Restaurant Menu Design on Food Ordering Outcomes

NCT ID: NCT03337633

Last Updated: 2017-11-09

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

61 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-04-01

Study Completion Date

2015-03-20

Brief Summary

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High cognitive load activities can influence energy intake from food. It is unknown how restaurant menu designs may affect patrons in terms of cognitive demand and subsequent ordering of food.Objective: Our objective was to develop and experimentally test menu designs that differ in cognitive load to test the subjective and objective stress measures on food ordering.

Detailed Description

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For the first experiment, a parallel randomized trial of healthy young adults (n= 30) was conducted to compare ordering from one of two menu designs (easy - E, hard - H) developed in a prior pilot study. In the second experiment, restrained eaters were specifically recruited and asked to fast before the experiment to determine the influence of cognitive load of menus on energy ordered (n=31). Galvanic skin response was used as an objective proxy for relative cognitive load, and questionnaires were used to assess perceptions of the menus. The main outcomes were the number of items ordered and total energy of the items ordered (in kilocalories).

Conditions

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Food Preferences

Keywords

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cognitive load galvanic skin response meal size kilocalories menu design

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Parallel arm randomized controlled trial

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Participants were blinded to treatment allocation.

Study Groups

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Experiment 1 Easy

For the first experiment, subjects in this arm received the "easy" menu during the protocol.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Menu design

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants were given 5 minutes to order a hypothetical meal from the assigned test menu by circling all items they wanted to order.

Experiment 1 Hard

For the first experiment, subjects in this arm received the "hard" menu during the protocol.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Menu design

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants were given 5 minutes to order a hypothetical meal from the assigned test menu by circling all items they wanted to order.

Experiment 2 Easy

For the second experiment, subjects in this arm, who qualified as restrained eaters and were asked to fast for 8 hours overnight, received the "easy" menu during the protocol.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Menu design

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants were given 5 minutes to order a hypothetical meal from the assigned test menu by circling all items they wanted to order.

Experiment 2 Hard

For the second experiment, subjects in this arm, who qualified as restrained eaters and were asked to fast for 8 hours overnight, received the "hard" menu during the protocol.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Menu design

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants were given 5 minutes to order a hypothetical meal from the assigned test menu by circling all items they wanted to order.

Interventions

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Menu design

Participants were given 5 minutes to order a hypothetical meal from the assigned test menu by circling all items they wanted to order.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Normal vision or corrective lenses
* Normal hearing or a hearing aid
* A moderate level of English proficiency or greater
* Free from current food restrictions

* Normal vision or corrective lenses
* Normal hearing or a hearing aid
* A moderate level of English proficiency or greater
* Free from current food restrictions
* Qualifying as a restrained eater by the Cognitive Restraint scale on the Eating Inventory (score of 6 for men and 10 for women)

Exclusion Criteria

* Unwilling/uninterested in participation
* Currently taking any β-blocker medications
* Any serious skin conditions on the hands (because of galvanic skin sensors worn for the protocol)

Experiment 2

* Unwilling/uninterested in participation
* Currently taking any β-blocker medications
* Any serious skin conditions on the hands (because of galvanic skin sensors worn for the protocol)

Minimum Eligible Age

19 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Texas Tech University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Alabama at Birmingham

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Kathryn Kaiser

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Kathryn A Kaiser, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Asst. Professor, Dept of Health Behavior

Other Identifiers

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X140313004

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id