Oxidative Stress Effects of TIVA, CIVA, and Balanced Anesthesia in VATS

NCT ID: NCT07271472

Last Updated: 2026-01-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-12-01

Study Completion Date

2026-05-02

Brief Summary

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The primary objective of our study is to compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), combined intravenous-volatile anesthesia (CIVA), and balanced anesthesia (BAL) methods on perioperative oxidative stress parameters, such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The secondary objective is to record perioperative vital parameters, arterial blood gas values obtained at specific stages of the surgery, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Detailed Description

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Scientific Rationale and Validity of the Medical Research Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a homeostatic mechanism unique to the pulmonary vascular system. In response to alveolar hypoxia, intrapulmonary arteries constrict and redirect blood flow toward better-oxygenated lung segments, thereby optimizing ventilation/perfusion matching and systemic oxygenation . Additionally, HPV acts as a physiological protective mechanism by reducing the shunt of deoxygenated blood and improving the degree of hypoxemia. This physiological modulation is influenced by various factors including medications, temperature, acid-base status, airway pressure, patient positioning, and cardiac output . Numerous animal and isolated lung studies have demonstrated that HPV is modulated by volatile anesthetics . However, human studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the effects of various anesthetics on systemic oxygenation during one-lung ventilation.

One-lung ventilation is frequently employed during thoracic surgical procedures such as thoracotomy and thoracoscopy to provide an adequate surgical view. Patients undergoing one-lung ventilation are at risk of hypoxemia due to impaired oxygenation, as well as postoperative lung injury attributable to oxidative damage occurring during reventilation of the non-dependent lung.

During one-lung ventilation, the non-ventilated lung becomes not only atelectatic but also hypoperfused as a result of HPV. Once two-lung ventilation is re-established, the reintroduction of oxygen into the airways triggers reactive pulmonary vasodilation and reperfusion of the lung tissue, which may result in the generation of excessive oxidative radicals. Although the lung is relatively resistant to hypoxia owing to dual blood supply and consumption of oxygen stored in alveolar spaces, re-expansion injury observed after pneumothorax treatment and reperfusion injury following lung transplantation serve as examples of potential oxidative damage .

Research Questions How do TIVA, CIVA, and BAL anesthetic techniques affect oxidative stress responses in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation? Which anesthetic management approach (CIVA, TIVA, BAL) provides better preservation of oxygenation? Will there be a significant difference in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) incidence among the groups? Study Design, Methods, and Procedures Participants Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Sixty patients aged 18-65 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I-II, scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) at Atatürk University Medical Faculty Hospital between December 1, 2025 and May 1, 2026, and requiring one-lung ventilation for more than 60 minutes will be included. Patients will be informed about the study prior to enrollment. Individuals who decline participation, have known allergies to the study drugs, have a recent history of vitamin supplementation, or who have significant cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic disease will be excluded. The study will be conducted in three groups.

Randomization Patients will be randomly assigned into three equal groups (TIVA, CIVA, and BAL) using the Microsoft Excel RAND function. All other investigators and outcome assessors will remain blinded to group allocation.

Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) Group Anesthesia induction will include 2 mg midazolam, 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol, 0.6-0.9 mg/kg rocuronium, and 1 μg/kg remifentanil. Maintenance will be provided with target-controlled infusion (TCI) propofol at a Ce of 4-6 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL while maintaining the bispectral index (BIS) between 40-60.

Balanced Anesthesia (BAL) Group Induction will follow the same protocol as the TIVA group. During maintenance, desflurane 5-7% (MAC 1-1.3) and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL will be administered, targeting a BIS value between 40-60.

Combined Intravenous-Volatile Anesthesia (CIVA) Group Induction will follow the same protocol as other groups. Maintenance will include TCI propofol at a Ce of 2-4 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL along with 3% desflurane (MAC 0.5), keeping BIS values between 40-60.

Perioperative Monitoring and Sample Collection Upon arrival to the operating room, standard monitoring (ECG and SpO₂) will be applied. A 20G radial arterial catheter will be inserted under sterile conditions for continuous invasive blood pressure monitoring and blood sampling.

Following induction, patients will be intubated using an appropriately sized (35Fr, 37Fr, or 39Fr) Robertshaw double-lumen endotracheal tube. Position verification will be conducted with a fiberoptic bronchoscope before and after lateral positioning. Pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) ventilation will be used during both two-lung and one-lung ventilation with PEEP set at 5 cmH₂O. During one-lung ventilation, tidal volume will be set at 4-6 mL/kg keeping peak inspiratory pressure \<30 cmH₂O, FiO₂ between 0.6-1.0 to maintain SpO₂ \>90%, and respiratory rate adjusted to ensure normocapnia.

Blood samples for measurement of oxidative stress markers-Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)-will be drawn from the arterial catheter at three time points:

T1: Before anesthesia induction T2: Before re-establishing two-lung ventilation T3: 30 minutes after re-establishing two-lung ventilation Samples will be centrifuged at +4°C, 4500 rpm for 7 minutes. The obtained serum will be stored at -80°C in Eppendorf tubes until analysis. Serum levels will be determined using the ELISA method. Recorded values will be transferred to Excel spreadsheets for evaluation and statistical processing.

During anesthesia, at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of one-lung ventilation and 30 minutes after resuming two-lung ventilation, TCI remifentanil dose, TCI propofol dose, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), BIS values, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure will be recorded. Arterial blood gas samples will be routinely obtained. After extubation, patients will be transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and evaluated for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) at the 30th minute.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS Statistics Version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Normality will be assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Normally distributed variables will be analyzed using the Student's t-test, whereas non-normally distributed variables will be evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. A p-value \< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Conditions

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VATS Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) Group

Anesthesia induction will include 2 mg midazolam, 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol, 0.6-0.9 mg/kg rocuronium, and 1 μg/kg remifentanil. Maintenance will be provided with target-controlled infusion (TCI) propofol at a Ce of 4-6 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL while maintaining the bispectral index (BIS) between 40-60.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) Group

Intervention Type DRUG

Anesthesia induction will include 2 mg midazolam, 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol, 0.6-0.9 mg/kg rocuronium, and 1 μg/kg remifentanil. Maintenance will be provided with target-controlled infusion (TCI) propofol at a Ce of 4-6 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL while maintaining the bispectral index (BIS) between 40-60.

Balanced Anesthesia (BAL) Group

Induction will follow the same protocol as the TIVA group. During maintenance, desflurane 5-7% (MAC 1-1.3) and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL will be administered, targeting a BIS value between 40-60.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Balanced Anesthesia (BAL) Group

Intervention Type DRUG

Induction will follow the same protocol as the TIVA group. During maintenance, desflurane 5-7% (MAC 1-1.3) and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL will be administered, targeting a BIS value between 40-60.

Combined Intravenous Volatile Anesthesia (CIVA) Group

Induction will follow the same protocol as other groups. Maintenance will include TCI propofol at a Ce of 2-4 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL along with 3% desflurane (MAC 0.5), keeping BIS values between 40-60.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Combined Intravenous Volatile Anesthesia

Intervention Type DRUG

Induction will follow the same protocol as other groups. Maintenance will include TCI propofol at a Ce of 2-4 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL along with 3% desflurane (MAC 0.5), keeping BIS values between 40-60.

Interventions

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Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) Group

Anesthesia induction will include 2 mg midazolam, 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol, 0.6-0.9 mg/kg rocuronium, and 1 μg/kg remifentanil. Maintenance will be provided with target-controlled infusion (TCI) propofol at a Ce of 4-6 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL while maintaining the bispectral index (BIS) between 40-60.

Intervention Type DRUG

Balanced Anesthesia (BAL) Group

Induction will follow the same protocol as the TIVA group. During maintenance, desflurane 5-7% (MAC 1-1.3) and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL will be administered, targeting a BIS value between 40-60.

Intervention Type DRUG

Combined Intravenous Volatile Anesthesia

Induction will follow the same protocol as other groups. Maintenance will include TCI propofol at a Ce of 2-4 μg/mL and TCI remifentanil at a Ce of 1.5-3 ng/mL along with 3% desflurane (MAC 0.5), keeping BIS values between 40-60.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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TIVA Group BAL Group CIVA Group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Aged between 18 and 65 years,
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Class I-II,
* Scheduled for elective Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
* Requiring one-lung ventilation for more than 60 minutes

Exclusion Criteria

* Refusal to participate in the study
* History of allergy to the drugs to be used
* Recent history of vitamin supplementation
* History of severe cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease
* ASA III-IV
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ataturk University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu, Professor

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ataturk University

Locations

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Ataturk University

Erzurum, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

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Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu, Professor

Role: CONTACT

+90-505-925-96-32

Mehmet Z Guney, MD

Role: CONTACT

+90-541-718-34-25

Facility Contacts

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Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu, Professor

Role: primary

+90-505-925-96-32

Mehmet Z Guney, MD

Role: backup

+90-541-718-34-25

References

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Comhair SA, Erzurum SC. Antioxidant responses to oxidant-mediated lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):L246-55. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00491.2001.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12114185 (View on PubMed)

Lang JD, McArdle PJ, O'Reilly PJ, Matalon S. Oxidant-antioxidant balance in acute lung injury. Chest. 2002 Dec;122(6 Suppl):314S-320S. doi: 10.1378/chest.122.6_suppl.314s.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12475808 (View on PubMed)

Cheng YJ, Chan KC, Chien CT, Sun WZ, Lin CJ. Oxidative stress during 1-lung ventilation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Sep;132(3):513-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.03.060.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16935103 (View on PubMed)

Sharifian Attar A, Tabari M, Rahnamazadeh M, Salehi M. A comparison of effects of propofol and isoflurane on arterial oxygenation pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate variations following one-lung ventilation in thoracic surgeries. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014 Feb;16(2):e15809. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.15809. Epub 2014 Feb 8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24719749 (View on PubMed)

Xu WY, Wang N, Xu HT, Yuan HB, Sun HJ, Dun CL, Zhou SQ, Zou Z, Shi XY. Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation in patients undergone esophagectomy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013 Dec 15;7(1):272-9. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24427348 (View on PubMed)

Schwarzkopf K, Schreiber T, Preussler NP, Gaser E, Huter L, Bauer R, Schubert H, Karzai W. Lung perfusion, shunt fraction, and oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in pigs: the effects of desflurane, isoflurane, and propofol. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2003 Feb;17(1):73-5. doi: 10.1053/jcan.2003.13.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12635064 (View on PubMed)

Loer SA, Scheeren TW, Tarnow J. Desflurane inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rabbit lungs. Anesthesiology. 1995 Sep;83(3):552-6. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199509000-00014.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 7661356 (View on PubMed)

Karzai W, Haberstroh J, Priebe HJ. Effects of desflurane and propofol on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in the pig. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1998 Jul;42(6):648-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05296.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9689269 (View on PubMed)

Eisenkraft JB. Effects of anaesthetics on the pulmonary circulation. Br J Anaesth. 1990 Jul;65(1):63-78. doi: 10.1093/bja/65.1.63. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2200486 (View on PubMed)

Lumb AB, Slinger P. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: physiology and anesthetic implications. Anesthesiology. 2015 Apr;122(4):932-46. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000569.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25587641 (View on PubMed)

Dunham-Snary KJ, Wu D, Sykes EA, Thakrar A, Parlow LRG, Mewburn JD, Parlow JL, Archer SL. Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: From Molecular Mechanisms to Medicine. Chest. 2017 Jan;151(1):181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 16.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27645688 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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ATAUNIVATS

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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