Impact of Health Promotion Service-Learning for Older Adults in Physiotherapy Students

NCT ID: NCT07267832

Last Updated: 2025-12-15

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 83 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-03-03
• Study Completion Date: 2022-04-17

Brief Summary

Currently, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of service-learning methodology (SL) on learning-related outcomes for physiotherapy students, specifically when designing and implementing health promotion programs for vulnerable older adults. The present study aims to compare the effects of an SL program versus a Traditional Learning (TL) approach on Basic Psychological Needs (BPN), motivation, academic engagement, and empathy in physiotherapy students.

This study is a randomized clinical trial. Eighty-three physiotherapy students are allocated to an SL group (SLG) or to a TL group (TLG). All students develop a health promotion and therapeutic exercise program for vulnerable older adults, in order to carry out prevention and health promotion activities. The SLG performs the program with real patients by visiting health centers, while the TLG does not meet real patients. BPN, motivation, academic engagement, and empathy, in their different dimensions, are evaluated pre- and post-intervention.

This study was registered retrospectively, as the recruitment and/or data collection had already started before registration.

Detailed Description

Health science professionals require both technical and interpersonal competencies to provide effective, patient-centered care. In physiotherapy, developing communication skills, empathy, and ethical awareness is essential for addressing patients' needs and situations of vulnerability. However, these interpersonal competencies are often insufficiently emphasized in traditional university curricula.

Service-Learning (SL) emerges as an innovative educational methodology that integrates academic learning with community service, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge to real social contexts. Through direct engagement with community needs, SL promotes experiential learning, civic responsibility, and the development of transversal competencies such as empathy, communication, and teamwork. Aligned with the principles of the Self-Determination Theory, SL fosters the satisfaction of basic psychological needs-competence, autonomy, relatedness, and novelty-enhancing students' motivation and engagement.

Previous studies in health sciences suggest that SL improves academic performance, moral development, and self-determined motivation. In physiotherapy, it contributes to the acquisition of professional and interpersonal skills necessary for effective clinical practice. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on the impact of SL when physiotherapy students design and implement health promotion programs for vulnerable older adults. Investigating this approach is therefore essential to understanding its potential to enhance learning outcomes and foster socially committed future professionals.

A randomized, assessor-blinded trial compares a Service-Learning (SL) intervention with a Traditional Learning (TL) approach in physiotherapy students. Eighty-three students from the University of Valencia (Spain) are randomly assigned to either the SL group (SLG, n=39) or the TL group (TLG, n=44).

The SL intervention follows six domains: (Domain 1) project introduction and formation of student groups; (Domain 2) identification of the physical, functional, and social needs of vulnerable older adults through direct contact and literature review; (Domain 3) discussion and validation of identified needs with mentor supervision; (Domain 4) autonomous individual work; (Domain 5) collaborative group work; and (Domain 6) final presentation in a clinical setting, including practical implementation with older adults and interactive discussion. Throughout all domains, students engage in guided critical reflection on the personal, professional, and social implications of their participation in the SL program.

The TL intervention consists of a parallel six-domain structure but without direct engagement with older adults: (Domain 1) project introduction and group formation; (Domain 2) identification of needs solely through bibliographic research; (Domain 3) review and discussion of findings with teacher supervision; (Domain 4) autonomous individual work; (Domain 5) collaborative group work; and (Domain 6) final oral presentation of the proposed health promotion program to peers at the university.

This study was registered retrospectively, as the recruitment and/or data collection had already started before registration.

Conditions

Healthy Students

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Service-Learning group

Students work in groups to identify the needs of vulnerable older adults, researching and validating them with a mentor, combining individual and collaborative work, and culminating in the presentation and implementation of a health intervention, all accompanied by critical reflection on their personal and professional learning.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

health promotion through Service-Learning

Intervention Type: OTHER

Students of the Service-Learning Group (SLG) put their plans into practice by directly interacting with older adults in health centers, allowing them to observe needs firsthand and apply interventions in real-life contexts.

Traditional Learning group

Students in the TL group follow a similar structure but do not engage directly with older adults. They identify needs solely through bibliographic research, review and discuss their findings with the teacher, and combine individual and group work. The intervention concludes with an oral presentation of the proposed health program to peers, illustrating it with examples.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Health Promotion through Traditional Learning

Intervention Type: OTHER

Students in the Traditional Learning Group (TLG) develop their programs based solely on literature and research, without direct contact with patients. They analyze the needs of older adults through bibliographic sources, discuss their findings with the instructor, and integrate both individual and group work into their process. The TLG finalizes their project by presenting the proposed program to classmates, using examples to illustrate its application.

Interventions

health promotion through Service-Learning

Students of the Service-Learning Group (SLG) put their plans into practice by directly interacting with older adults in health centers, allowing them to observe needs firsthand and apply interventions in real-life contexts.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Health Promotion through Traditional Learning

Students in the Traditional Learning Group (TLG) develop their programs based solely on literature and research, without direct contact with patients. They analyze the needs of older adults through bibliographic sources, discuss their findings with the instructor, and integrate both individual and group work into their process. The TLG finalizes their project by presenting the proposed program to classmates, using examples to illustrate its application.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• To be studying the Physiotherapy Degree in the Faculty of Physiotherapy of the University of Valencia.
• Willingness to participate

Exclusion Criteria

• previous Service-Learning training

• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Hospital General Valencia

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Hospital Universitario La Fe

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Valencia

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Mercè Balasch i Bernat

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Mercè Balasch i Bernat

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Department of Physiotherapy. Faculty of Physiotherapya. University of Valencia

Locations

Department of Physiotherapy. Faculty of Physiotherapy. University of Valencia

Valencia, Valencia, Spain

Countries

Spain

Other Identifiers

CEISH/47/2022

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id