Impact of General Anesthesia in Childhood on Cognitive Processes

NCT ID: NCT07141797

Last Updated: 2026-01-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-03-01

Study Completion Date

2025-11-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This study aims to evaluate the potential long-term cognitive effects of general anesthesia administered before the age of 4. Specifically, it investigates executive functions-including inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility-in children aged 9 to 10 years. A secondary objective assesses visuo-spatial attention.

Participants will be divided into two groups: (1) children exposed to a single general anesthesia for functional surgery before age 4, and (2) a control group with no such exposure. Cognitive performance will be assessed through computerized tasks with time constraints, conducted in a school setting. The study is designed to compare these groups prospectively in order to determine whether early exposure to general anesthesia is associated with differences in cognitive functioning at school age.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

This study investigates the long-term cognitive effects of early exposure to general anesthesia in children. Specifically, it focuses on evaluating executive functions-namely inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility-in children aged 9-10 years who underwent functional surgery with general anesthesia before age 4. A secondary objective includes assessing visuo-spatial attention and general intelligence.

Executive functions will be measured using standardized, computerized tasks. Inhibition will be assessed through both an emotional Stroop (hot inhibition) and a classic Stroop task (cold inhibition). Working memory will be evaluated using a spatial sequence recall task on a grid, in both forward and reverse order. Flexibility will be measured through an adapted version of the computerized Trail Making Test, requiring rule-switching between tasks based on stimulus color.

Visuo-spatial abilities will be assessed using a global-local task involving hierarchical visual stimuli, allowing for evaluation of attention to detail versus overall structure. General intelligence will be measured using Raven's Progressive Matrices.

Participants will be recruited from selected elementary schools in partnership with local educational authorities. Eligible children will be grouped based on prior exposure to general anesthesia, matched on age, sex, and socio-economic status. Testing will occur in school settings during class time under controlled, blinded conditions. Data will be anonymized and processed in accordance with GDPR standards. Statistical analyses will include MANOVA and linear models to assess group differences.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Child Behavior Disorders

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

General anesthesia group

Children aged 9 or 10 at the time of the study, who were exposed to a single general anesthesia for a functional surgery during childhood before the age of 4.

Executive functions assessment

Intervention Type OTHER

Inhibition: Emotional (hot) and logical (cold) inhibition using Emotional and Classic Stroop tests. Participants identify the color of words or emotion in photos while inhibiting automatic responses. Inhibition scores are based on the difference in response times between congruent and interference conditions.

Working Memory: Participants recall a sequence of points on a grid, first in the original order, then in reverse. The working memory score is the difference between the two tasks.

Cognitive Flexibility: A task requiring alternation between identifying numbers as greater/less than 5 or even/odd based on color cues. Flexibility is scored by comparing response times for alternating and non-alternating tasks.

Visuospatial abilities are assessed with a global-local task. Raven's Progressive Matrices will assess general intelligence, and socio-economic data will be collected.

Control group

Children aged 9 or 10 at the time of the study, who were not exposed to general anesthesia for surgery during childhood.

Executive functions assessment

Intervention Type OTHER

Inhibition: Emotional (hot) and logical (cold) inhibition using Emotional and Classic Stroop tests. Participants identify the color of words or emotion in photos while inhibiting automatic responses. Inhibition scores are based on the difference in response times between congruent and interference conditions.

Working Memory: Participants recall a sequence of points on a grid, first in the original order, then in reverse. The working memory score is the difference between the two tasks.

Cognitive Flexibility: A task requiring alternation between identifying numbers as greater/less than 5 or even/odd based on color cues. Flexibility is scored by comparing response times for alternating and non-alternating tasks.

Visuospatial abilities are assessed with a global-local task. Raven's Progressive Matrices will assess general intelligence, and socio-economic data will be collected.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Executive functions assessment

Inhibition: Emotional (hot) and logical (cold) inhibition using Emotional and Classic Stroop tests. Participants identify the color of words or emotion in photos while inhibiting automatic responses. Inhibition scores are based on the difference in response times between congruent and interference conditions.

Working Memory: Participants recall a sequence of points on a grid, first in the original order, then in reverse. The working memory score is the difference between the two tasks.

Cognitive Flexibility: A task requiring alternation between identifying numbers as greater/less than 5 or even/odd based on color cues. Flexibility is scored by comparing response times for alternating and non-alternating tasks.

Visuospatial abilities are assessed with a global-local task. Raven's Progressive Matrices will assess general intelligence, and socio-economic data will be collected.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

Children aged 9-10 years Mainstream class (non-specialized) Requirement for information on the right to object Requirement for affiliation with social security French-speaking

Exclusion Criteria

Criteria for "Parents" Parental refusal Twins Exposure to general anesthesia during pregnancy, including cesarean section under general anesthesia

Pregnancy-related pathology:

* Pregnancy-induced hypertension
* Preeclampsia
* Gestational diabetes
* Threat of preterm labor
* Depressive syndrome

Chronic treatment during pregnancy:

* Pregnancy-induced hypertension: antihypertensive treatment (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers)
* Preeclampsia: antihypertensive treatment (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers), magnesium sulfate
* Gestational diabetes: dietary regimen, insulin
* Threat of preterm labor: prenatal corticosteroid therapy, magnesium sulfate
* Depressive syndrome: antidepressant psychotropic treatment Smoking during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, drug use during pregnancy Criteria for "Children" Child refusal to participate in the study Premature birth (i.e., before 37 weeks of gestation) Evolving or chronic psychiatric pathology, whether or not requiring chronic treatment Evolving or chronic neurological or neuromuscular pathology Genetic pathology Any chronic pathology requiring specialized follow-up and/or treatment (doctor, psychologist, speech therapist) Specialized neuro-pediatric or pediatric psychiatric follow-up, or follow-up with a psychologist or speech therapist during childhood Neuro-visual disorders (excluding normal vision with correction) Hearing disorders, whether or not using hearing aids Chronic otorhinolaryngological pathology, including sleep apnea syndrome, with or without apparatus Developmental disorders: ADHD, autism, or other, whether or not requiring chronic treatment Pediatric intensive care hospitalization Conventional hospitalization for more than 1 week during childhood Child who underwent multiple general anesthesias before the age of 4
Minimum Eligible Age

8 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

10 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

University Hospital, Caen

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University Hospital Caen Normandie

Caen, Normandy, France

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

France

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2023-A00110-83

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Effect of Valproate on Propofol
NCT01170377 COMPLETED
Induction in the Dark
NCT06144177 RECRUITING PHASE4