Effectiveness of Active Exploration of Simulated Textures for Sensorimotor Recovery

NCT ID: NCT06962397

Last Updated: 2025-05-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

20 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-10-08

Study Completion Date

2026-01-31

Brief Summary

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Parallel-group, single-blinded controlled clinical trial. The study includes people aged 18-80 years, more than one month after stroke, with confirmed diagnosis, MoCA ≥ 20, and Barthel Index ≥ 3.

The control group receives standard rehabilitation. The experimental group also receives active sensory training with programmable electrical stimulation to simulate virtual textures.

Sensory function was assessed before and after the training using standard tests, including Fugl-Meyer, ARAT, 9HPT, and monofilament testing.

Detailed Description

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. In many cases, it results in persistent sensorimotor deficits in the upper limbs, including reduced tactile sensitivity, poor proprioception, and impaired fine motor skills. These deficits limit independence in daily activities such as grasping, dressing, or using utensils, and reduce the quality of life for stroke survivors.

Sensory rehabilitation is a critical but often under-addressed aspect of post-stroke recovery. Traditional approaches frequently focus on motor function alone, overlooking the importance of sensory input in guiding and refining movement. While methods such as sensory stimulation and retraining have shown some promise, their long-term effectiveness remains inconsistent, and they often lack patient engagement.

The present study investigates the efficacy of a novel method of active sensory rehabilitation based on simulated texture exploration using programmable transcutaneous electrical stimulation. This method is designed to combine active tactile exploration with real-time sensory feedback. Participants use their index finger to explore virtual textures on a tablet screen. Each time the finger crosses a virtual texture line, an electrical pulse is delivered to the finger via surface electrodes. This setup creates the sensation of moving across textures of different densities, which the participant must compare and identify.

The goal is to determine whether this approach improves tactile discrimination and supports motor recovery in the upper limb. The trial is conducted as a parallel-group, single-blinded controlled clinical study. Participants are adults aged 18 to 80 years, at least one month post-stroke, with sufficient cognitive and functional status (MoCA ≥ 20, Barthel Index ≥ 3). Participants are randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group.

The control group receives conventional rehabilitation prescribed by their physician.

The experimental group receives the same conventional therapy, plus 10 sessions of active sensory training using the programmable stimulation system.

Each session includes 5 blocks of 10 trials, during which the participant explores and compares pairs of virtual textures. Performance data, such as accuracy and response time, are recorded.

Before and after the intervention period, participants are assessed using standard clinical scales: Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) for motor function, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) for fine motor skills, Touch-Test monofilaments for tactile sensitivity

Results are expected to provide insight into the role of active sensory engagement in neurorehabilitation and help develop more effective strategies for upper limb recovery after stroke.

Conditions

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Stroke Sensorimotor Impairment Affecting the Upper Limb Sensory Deficit Rehabilitation Tactile Disorders

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This is a parallel-group, controlled trial. Participants are randomized into two groups. The experimental group receives 10 sessions of active sensory training using programmable electrical stimulation during virtual texture exploration, in addition to standard rehabilitation. The control group receives standard rehabilitation only. Both groups are evaluated pre- and post-intervention.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Active Touch Sensory Training Intervention

Participants in this arm undergo a novel sensory rehabilitation protocol based on the Active Touch Paradigm. This intervention integrates real-time functional electrical stimulation with voluntary finger movement across a touch-sensitive screen to explore virtual textures of varying densities. Each time a participant's finger crosses an invisible virtual grating line, a tactile sensation is delivered via electrical stimulation to the index finger. The system records finger trajectory, response time, and decision-making accuracy, offering real-time visual and tactile feedback to enhance sensory discrimination and neuroplasticity. The training consists of 180 trials divided into six blocks with breaks in between, and assessments are conducted before and after the intervention using tools such as the Touch-Test monofilament, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and ARAT. This arm aims to evaluate the efficacy of active engagement and sensorimotor integration in promoting sensory recovery after stroke.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Active Touch-Based Sensory Training

Intervention Type DEVICE

This intervention combines functional electrical stimulation with active tactile exploration of virtual textures. Using a touch-sensitive screen and a programmable functional electrical stimulator (MotionStim 8), participants explore two invisible virtual textures by moving their index finger across the screen. Each time the finger crosses a virtual texture line, an electrical pulse is delivered to the finger, simulating tactile sensation. Participants are asked to compare the density of two virtual textures and select the denser one. The stimulation is synchronized with finger movement to ensure real-time sensory feedback. The training consists of 50 trials divided into 5 blocks, and is designed to enhance tactile discrimination and proprioception through sensorimotor integration. The paradigm is interactive, personalized based on individual sensory thresholds, and aims to promote neural plasticity in stroke survivors.

Standard Rehabilitation Without Sensory Training

Participants in this arm receive standard post-stroke rehabilitation as prescribed by their physicians but do not undergo any form of targeted sensory training or participate in the Active Touch Paradigm. They complete the same pre- and post-intervention assessments as the experimental group, including tactile sensitivity testing with von Frey monofilaments, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT). This arm serves as a control condition to evaluate the specific effects of the active touch-based sensory intervention on sensory and motor recovery in stroke survivors.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Active Touch-Based Sensory Training

This intervention combines functional electrical stimulation with active tactile exploration of virtual textures. Using a touch-sensitive screen and a programmable functional electrical stimulator (MotionStim 8), participants explore two invisible virtual textures by moving their index finger across the screen. Each time the finger crosses a virtual texture line, an electrical pulse is delivered to the finger, simulating tactile sensation. Participants are asked to compare the density of two virtual textures and select the denser one. The stimulation is synchronized with finger movement to ensure real-time sensory feedback. The training consists of 50 trials divided into 5 blocks, and is designed to enhance tactile discrimination and proprioception through sensorimotor integration. The paradigm is interactive, personalized based on individual sensory thresholds, and aims to promote neural plasticity in stroke survivors.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Episode of stroke confirmed by neuroimaging
* More than one month post-stroke
* Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥ 20
* Barthel Index score ≥ 3
* Ability to understand and follow instructions
* Informed consent for participation and data collection
* Age 18-80 years

Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of depressive symptoms (HADS-Depression \> 11)
* Upper limb paresis score below 35 on the Fugl-Meyer scale
* Sensory impairment score below 3 or above 10 on the Fugl-Meyer scale
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Russian Federation Ministry of Health

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Galina Ivanova, Professor

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Russian Federation Ministry of Health

Locations

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Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke

Moscow, , Russia

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Russia

Central Contacts

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Maria Volodina, PhD in Physiology

Role: CONTACT

+79162528715

Facility Contacts

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Galina Ivanova, Professor

Role: primary

Maria Volodina, PhD in Physiology

Role: backup

+79162528715

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Oh ZH, Liu CH, Hsu CW, Liou TH, Escorpizo R, Chen HC. Mirror therapy combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation for poststroke lower extremity motor function recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 16;13(1):20018. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47272-9.

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PMID: 37973838 (View on PubMed)

Elbalawy, Y. M., Fahmy, E. M., Taha, S. I., El Sherbini, A. E. H. I., Abdelghany, A. I., & El-Serougy, H. R. (2020). Effect of Sensory Relearning on Sensory and Motor Functions of the Hand in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(05).

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Jerosch-Herold C. Sensory relearning in peripheral nerve disorders of the hand: a web-based survey and delphi consensus method. J Hand Ther. 2011 Oct-Dec;24(4):292-8; quiz 299. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2011.05.002. Epub 2011 Jul 28.

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Sullivan JE, Hurley D, Hedman LD. Afferent stimulation provided by glove electrode during task-specific arm exercise following stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2012 Nov;26(11):1010-20. doi: 10.1177/0269215512442915. Epub 2012 May 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22561099 (View on PubMed)

Stein J, Hughes R, D'Andrea S, Therrien B, Niemi J, Krebs K, Langone L, Harry J. Stochastic resonance stimulation for upper limb rehabilitation poststroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Sep;89(9):697-705. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181ec9aa8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20729650 (View on PubMed)

Carlsson H, Lindgren I, Rosen B, Bjorkman A, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Brogardh C. Experiences of SENSory Relearning of the UPPer Limb (SENSUPP) after Stroke and Perceived Effects: A Qualitative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 18;19(6):3636. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063636.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35329318 (View on PubMed)

Carlsson H, Rosen B, Bjorkman A, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Brogardh C. SENSory re-learning of the UPPer limb (SENSUPP) after stroke: development and description of a novel intervention using the TIDieR checklist. Trials. 2021 Jul 5;22(1):430. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05375-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34225764 (View on PubMed)

Carlsson H, Rosen B, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Bjorkman A, Brogardh C. SENSory re-learning of the UPPer limb after stroke (SENSUPP): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Apr 17;19(1):229. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2628-1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Turville ML, Walker J, Blennerhassett JM, Carey LM. Experiences of Upper Limb Somatosensory Retraining in Persons With Stroke: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Front Neurosci. 2019 Jul 24;13:756. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00756. eCollection 2019.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31396040 (View on PubMed)

Carey L, Macdonell R, Matyas TA. SENSe: Study of the Effectiveness of Neurorehabilitation on Sensation: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011 May;25(4):304-13. doi: 10.1177/1545968310397705. Epub 2011 Feb 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Carlsson H, Gard G, Brogardh C. Upper-limb sensory impairments after stroke: Self-reported experiences of daily life and rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med. 2018 Jan 10;50(1):45-51. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2282.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Carey LM, Matyas TA, Baum C. Effects of Somatosensory Impairment on Participation After Stroke. Am J Occup Ther. 2018 May/Jun;72(3):7203205100p1-7203205100p10. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2018.025114.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Sullivan JE, Hedman LD. Sensory dysfunction following stroke: incidence, significance, examination, and intervention. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2008 May-Jun;15(3):200-17. doi: 10.1310/tsr1503-200.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18647725 (View on PubMed)

Kessner SS, Schlemm E, Cheng B, Bingel U, Fiehler J, Gerloff C, Thomalla G. Somatosensory Deficits After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2019 May;50(5):1116-1123. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023750.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Nowak DA, Hermsdorfer J, Topka H. Deficits of predictive grip force control during object manipulation in acute stroke. J Neurol. 2003 Jul;250(7):850-60. doi: 10.1007/s00415-003-1095-z.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12883929 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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ActiveTouch01

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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