Robotic Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Subacute Stroke

NCT ID: NCT06839482

Last Updated: 2025-12-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

130 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-02-06

Study Completion Date

2028-01-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This multicenter international randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluates the effectiveness of the Gloreha Sinfonia® robotic exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation in individuals with subacute post-stroke paresis. The study aims to determine whether robotic-assisted therapy improves voluntary motor control and coordination more effectively than conventional rehabilitation, as measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) for the upper limb (motor component).

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:

* Experimental Group (EG): Robotic-assisted upper limb rehabilitation combined with conventional therapy.
* Control Group (CG): Conventional therapy alone including upper limb rehabilitation.

Clinical assessments will be conducted at baseline (T1), post-treatment (T2), and at a 3-month follow-up (T3) using remotely administered scales.

Secondary objectives include evaluating improvements in muscle strength, range of motion, eye-hand coordination, manual dexterity, and functional independence. The study will also assess prognostic factors influencing response to robotic therapy, patient satisfaction, and potential adverse events.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with hemiparesis impairing upper limb function in 75% of affected patients. This deficit significantly reduces patients' independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and limits social participation. Recovery of upper limb motor function is a primary goal in post-stroke rehabilitation. In recent years, robotic devices for hand rehabilitation have been introduced. The Gloreha Sinfonia® (R-Touch Pro, BTL Robotics) is a robotic exoskeleton that enables repetitive, intensive movements in passive, assisted, and active modes. Despite growing evidence supporting robotics in upper limb rehabilitation, significant gaps remain, including the lack of standardized protocols and the challenge of identifying patient subgroups that would benefit most. This multicenter international RCT aims to address these gaps by evaluating the short- and long-term effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy compared to conventional therapy. The primary objective is to measure the efficacy of robotic rehabilitation using the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (0-66) for the upper limb, a validated scale assessing improvements in strength, active range of motion, eye-hand coordination, and dexterity. This outcome allows for a direct connection between robotic therapy results and motor function, ensuring a precise and replicable evaluation of treatment efficacy relative to conventional therapy. It is hypothesized that robotic treatment with Gloreha Sinfonia R-Touch Pro will significantly improve strength, active range of motion, eye-hand coordination, and manual dexterity, while also promoting autonomy in ADLs and social participation. The study also aims to identify clinical and prognostic factors that influence the response to robotic therapy, assess patient acceptance and satisfaction with the treatment, and monitor for any adverse events. Specifically, secondary objectives of the study are: to assess the impact of robotic treatment on muscle strength, active range of motion, hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and dexterity; to examine the effect of treatment on independence in daily living activities and social participation.

Identify clinical characteristics, such as severity of neurological impairment and time from acute event, that best respond to robot-assisted hand therapy; to investigate the influence of treatment initiation timing in relation to the acute event on rehabilitation effectiveness; to assess patient acceptance and satisfaction with the treatment, monitor the occurrence of adverse events, and analyze the effect of treatment on upper limb spasticity. Participants with a stroke diagnosis who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Experimental Group (EG) - robotic treatment for upper limb rehabilitation using the GS robotic device or Control Group (CG) - conventional treatment for upper limb rehabilitation. The study will span 36 months and includes two phases as follows: Phase 1 - Recruitment, baseline evaluations, randomization, rehabilitation intervention, final evaluations, and Phase 2 - Follow-up.

Eligible patients will be randomized into one of two treatment groups (Phase 1): EG or CG. All subjects will be evaluated (Phase 1) with a series of clinical assessments at baseline (T1) and the same assessments will be repeated at the end of the treatment (T2). A 3-month follow-up (Phase 2, T3) will be conducted either through an in-person clinical assessment or a phone interview, based on patient availability, using only remote-administered clinical scales. As for the rehabilitation treatments, the Experimental Group (EG) will receive upper limb rehabilitation assisted by the Gloreha Sinfonia R-Touch Pro device, in addition to conventional therapy, which includes physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) and the Control Group (CG) will undergo the same upper limb rehabilitation with only conventional PT and OT treatments, matching the EG's duration for a total of 90 minutes. Both groups will engage in individualized rehabilitation programs, potentially incorporating additional personalized interventions based on each patient's clinical-neurological profile. Randomization will be conducted in a blind manner by an independent collaborator who is not involved in recruitment, intervention, or data collection. Sequentially numbered, opaque, and randomly ordered envelopes containing group assignments will be opened after the initial evaluation, in the participant's presence. Therapists involved will be informed of each patient's group assignment. All data will be collected in compliance with privacy regulations and anonymized on a dedicated platform called RedCAP (Research Electronic Data Capture) https://redcap.sanraffaele.it/. Each center will have access to its own data, with the ability to independently modify and update it. Data will be recorded through the Clinical Report Form (CRF), ensuring systematic and standardized data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed to adequately represent the clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample, with data presented as frequency (percentage), mean and standard deviation, and median (5th and 95th percentile) for categorical, continuous, and ordinal variables, respectively. Descriptive statistics will ensure score comparability between groups at baseline; an inferential analysis of variables (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) will be conducted to verify the normality of data distributions. Parametric or non-parametric tests will be applied based on data distribution. The significance level will be set at p\<0.05.

In conclusion, the main expected results are: to identify a standardized, reproducible rehabilitation protocol with robotic hand assistance to implement highly customizable rehabilitation protocols; to achieve improved motor recovery in terms of both range of motion and muscle recruitment following upper limb rehabilitation through the Gloreha Sinfonia® (R-Touch Pro) robotic system; to achieve better motor performance following upper limb rehabilitation through the Gloreha Sinfonia® robotic system; to obtain improved eye-hand coordination, manual dexterity, and fine motor skills; to attain greater autonomy in ADL and, consequently, greater participation; to identify any clinical and functional characteristics that impact the rehabilitation outcome with Gloreha Sinfonia R-Touch Pro.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Stroke

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
In this study all the outcome assessors will be blind to the gruop assignment of the study participants.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Experimental Group (EG)

Participants assigned to Experimental Group (EG) will follow 18+/-3sessions (from a minimum of 3 times to a maximum of 5 times/week) of robotic-assisted treatment for upper limb rehabilitation using the Gloreha Sinfonia (R-Touch Pro; BTL Robotics, USA) robotic device in addition to the standard rehabilitation program.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Robotic Assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Intervention Type DEVICE

The EG will follow a mixed rehabilitation approach for the upper limb, combining Robotic Assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation and conventional physical therapy (PT) and/or occupational therapy (OT) with a total daily duration of 90 minutes. The Robotic Assisted UL Rehabilitation's session will last 30 minutes, with the following procedure provided:

* First week: alternate between passive mobilization exercises, bilateral mode, and therapist-driven mode.
* Second week: alternate between therapist-driven mode and active-assisted mobilization.
* Third week: alternate between active-assisted mobilization and active mobilization.
* Fourth week: alternate between active-assisted mobilization and active mobilization.
* Fifth week: exclusively perform active mobilization. However, if this proposed progression does not match the patient's motor capabilities, the therapist will optimize the therapeutic program by selecting personalized exercises, following a progressive difficulty approach.

Control Group (CG)

Participants assigned to Control Group (CG) will follow 18+/-3 sessions (from a minimum of 3 times to a maximum of 5 times/week) of conventional tratment for upper limb rehabilitation in addition to the standard rehabilitation program.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Control Group (CG)

Intervention Type OTHER

The CG will follow a conventional occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) program for upper limb rehabilitation, with a total daily duration of 90 minutes. Upper limb rehabilitation exercises will be performed with a therapist who will tailor the treatment according to the patient's clinical characteristics and needs. Specifically, upper limb treatment will consist of motor exercises (shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand) through a mix of individual sessions with both passive and active interventions where possible.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Robotic Assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation

The EG will follow a mixed rehabilitation approach for the upper limb, combining Robotic Assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation and conventional physical therapy (PT) and/or occupational therapy (OT) with a total daily duration of 90 minutes. The Robotic Assisted UL Rehabilitation's session will last 30 minutes, with the following procedure provided:

* First week: alternate between passive mobilization exercises, bilateral mode, and therapist-driven mode.
* Second week: alternate between therapist-driven mode and active-assisted mobilization.
* Third week: alternate between active-assisted mobilization and active mobilization.
* Fourth week: alternate between active-assisted mobilization and active mobilization.
* Fifth week: exclusively perform active mobilization. However, if this proposed progression does not match the patient's motor capabilities, the therapist will optimize the therapeutic program by selecting personalized exercises, following a progressive difficulty approach.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Control Group (CG)

The CG will follow a conventional occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) program for upper limb rehabilitation, with a total daily duration of 90 minutes. Upper limb rehabilitation exercises will be performed with a therapist who will tailor the treatment according to the patient's clinical characteristics and needs. Specifically, upper limb treatment will consist of motor exercises (shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand) through a mix of individual sessions with both passive and active interventions where possible.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Gloreha Simfonia (R-TOUCH) Robotic treatment for upper limb rehabilitation using the Gloreha Sinfonia (R-Touch) Conventional treatment for upper limb rehabilitation

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Both sexes
* Age 18-90 years
* Paresis of the upper limb following a recent cerebrovascular event (subacute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke)
* Moderate to mild muscle weakness in the thumb opponens, common finger flexors, and wrist flexors, assessed with complete joint movement in absence of gravity, Medical Research Council Scale (MRC) ≥ 2
* Time from acute event \<90 days
* Ability to understand and sign the study informed consent
* Ability to perform study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of other overlapping neurological disorders
* Presence of osteoarticular or neuromuscular disorders affecting upper limb mobility
* Severe psychiatric disorders
* Severe cognitive (MMSE ≤ 17) and/or language impairment compromising exercise comprehension
* Botulinum toxin injection in the affected upper limb within the last 60 days or planned during the study and follow-up period
* Open wounds, infections, or unprotected skin lesions on the upper limb
* Severe spasticity of the upper limb (biceps and wrist and finger flexors) (MAS \> 3)
* Inability to adhere to the exercise program due to low compliance
* Participants who have not signed the informed consent for the study
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

85 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

IRCCS San Raffaele Roma

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Sanaz Pournajaf, DPT, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

IRCCS San Raffaele Roma

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Jefferson Moss-Magee Rehabilitation, Department of PMR

Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Rehabilitation Center of Kladruby

Kladruby, , Czechia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Lázně Bělohrad a.s., Centrum komplexní rehabilitace

Lázně Bělohrad, , Czechia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Agel Hospital Prostějov, Rehabilitation Centre, Mathonova 1, Clinical Rehabilitation Centre FZV UP, Hněvotínská 3

Olomouc, , Czechia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague

Prague, , Czechia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

European Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, SISC in New Technologies and Robotics in Rehabilitation

Rome, Choose One..., Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

San Vito Hospital, Rehabilitation Unit

San Vito sullo Ionio, CZ, Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Valduce Hospital, Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center

Costa Masnaga, LC, Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, AUSL Piacenza

Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Passignano Hospital, Department of Specialized Medicine, Usl Umbria 1

Passignano sul Trasimeno, Perugia, Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, UOC di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa-CESA

Rome, RM, Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

IRCCS San Raffaele Roma

Rome, RM, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII

Bergamo, , Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia"

Catanzaro, , Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi

Florence, , Italy

Site Status ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Riuniti Hospital, Neurorehabilitation, Spinal Cord Rehab. and Functional Recovery Section

Foggia, , Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Innovation Technology Laboratory

Messina, , Italy

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Medical Centre for Rehabilitation Treatment "Consilium"

Moscow, , Russia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Centro Lescer, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy Department

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Chiang Mai University, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences

Chiang Mai, , Thailand

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States Czechia Italy Russia Spain Thailand

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Sanaz Pournajaf, DPT, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+39 0652252405 ext. 32405

Carrie Louise Thouant, OT, MSc

Role: CONTACT

+39 0652252338 ext. 32338

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Alberto Esquenazi, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Alexey Nastaskin, OT

Role: backup

Mgr. Lukas Chobot, PT

Role: primary

Kateřina Macháčková, MgR, PhD

Role: primary

Petr Konečný, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Kristýna Hoidekrová, OT, PhD

Role: primary

Alessandro Giustini, MD

Role: primary

Andrea Parente, MD

Role: primary

Eleonora Guanziroli, Ing. PhD

Role: primary

Gianfranco Lamberti, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Maurizio Massucci, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Federica Bressi, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Sanaz Pournajaf, DPT, PhD

Role: primary

0652252405 ext. 32405

Carrie Louise Thouant, OT, MSc

Role: backup

Serena Monteleone, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Alessandro De Sire, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Stefania Spina, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Salvatore Facciorusso, MD, PhD

Role: backup

Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Maria Grazia Maggio, PsyD

Role: backup

Vyacheslav Anatolievich Filimonov, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Estefania Morcillo de Mercado, OT

Role: primary

Sopida Apichai, OT, PhD

Role: primary

Dhippa, OT, PhD

Role: backup

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26123479/

2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American

http://isa-aii.com/linee-guida-spread-viii-edizione/

S.P. and E.A. Diffusion, "Ictus cerebrale: SPREAD linee guida italiane," 2016.

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27145936/

C.J. Winstein et al., "Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association," Stroke, 47(6), 2016.

http://www.ebrsr.com/evidence-review

Evidence-based review of stroke rehabilitation, 20th Edition (EBRS)

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26096318/

Task-Based Mirror Therapy Augmenting Motor Recovery in Poststroke Hemiparesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26723854/

Mirror Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22235059/

Clinical relevance of action observation in upper-limb stroke rehabilitation: a possible role in recovery of functional dexterity.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11944745/

Motor impairment as a predictor of functional recovery and guide to rehabilitation treatment after stroke

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17275587/

Use of the Medical Research Council Muscle Strength GradingSystem in the Upper Extremity

http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30175845/

Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12907818/

Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31987544/

Upper limb robot-assisted rehabilitation versus physical therapy on subacute stroke patients: A follow-up study.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8316578/

Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment for testing motor performance in patients following stroke.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19020701/

Reliability and validity of the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and a modified scale for testing muscle strength in patients with radial palsy.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1135616/

The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554572/

Modified Ashworth Scale. \[Updated 2023 May 1\]. In: StatPearls \[Internet\]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3160243/

Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5551515/

Hand strength and dexterity

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12881816/

Rasch analysis of a new stroke-specific outcome scale: The Stroke Impact Scale.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24461799/

Acceptability of robotic technology in neuro-rehabilitation: preliminary results on chronic stroke patients.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

266/IRE/24

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.