Testicular Elastography for Microscopic Testicular Sperm Extraction
NCT ID: NCT06524258
Last Updated: 2024-07-29
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
84 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2020-01-01
Study Completion Date
2021-03-30
Brief Summary
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Before commencing our study, we obtained approval from the local ethics committee. The study focused on patients who visited our urology outpatient clinic for infertility between January 2020 and March 2021. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia were prospectively enrolled in the study.
Azoospermia was diagnosed after performing semen analysis at least twice, adhering to the criteria outlined by the WHO. All patients underwent karyotype analysis and Y microdeletion analysis. Testicular volumes were measured using Prader orchidometry and confirmed by scrotal ultrasonography.
For patients scheduled for Micro-TESE, elastography measurements were conducted in the supine position. These measurements were performed by the same radiologist in the Radiology department. A total of six points Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were recorded from each patient, including upper right, middle right, lower right, upper left, middle left, and lower left.
All patients underwent the micro-TESE procedure by the same surgeon. The procedure was first applied to the testis with a better volume and consistency. Samples of large and bright tubules were extracted using microforceps under a microscope, utilizing a magnification range of 20X-25X. The tissues obtained were subsequently assessed by the same embryologist who was present in the operating room. The embryologist provides biopsy results indicating the presence or absence of spermatozoa. If five or more mature spermatozoa are observed within the testicular tissues, the procedure is terminated. However, if fewer than five spermatozoa are identified in the tissues, the procedure is repeated on the contralateral testicle to ensure a comprehensive examination and thorough exploration. Tissues containing a satisfactory quantity of sperm were processed and preserved in the incubator until the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) procedure which was planned following the sperm cryopreservation of the patients whose sperms could be retrieved. In cases where sperm could not be retrieved from patients, testicular tissue was placed in Bouin's solution and sent for histopathological examination.
Azoospermia was diagnosed after performing semen analysis at least twice, adhering to the criteria outlined by the WHO. All patients underwent karyotype analysis and Y microdeletion analysis. Testicular volumes were measured using Prader orchidometry and confirmed by scrotal ultrasonography.
For patients scheduled for Micro-TESE, elastography measurements were conducted in the supine position. These measurements were performed by the same radiologist in the Radiology department. A total of six points Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were recorded from each patient, including upper right, middle right, lower right, upper left, middle left, and lower left.
All patients underwent the micro-TESE procedure by the same surgeon. The procedure was first applied to the testis with a better volume and consistency. Samples of large and bright tubules were extracted using microforceps under a microscope, utilizing a magnification range of 20X-25X. The tissues obtained were subsequently assessed by the same embryologist who was present in the operating room. The embryologist provides biopsy results indicating the presence or absence of spermatozoa. If five or more mature spermatozoa are observed within the testicular tissues, the procedure is terminated. However, if fewer than five spermatozoa are identified in the tissues, the procedure is repeated on the contralateral testicle to ensure a comprehensive examination and thorough exploration. Tissues containing a satisfactory quantity of sperm were processed and preserved in the incubator until the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) procedure which was planned following the sperm cryopreservation of the patients whose sperms could be retrieved. In cases where sperm could not be retrieved from patients, testicular tissue was placed in Bouin's solution and sent for histopathological examination.
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Detailed Description
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Before commencing our study, we obtained approval from the local ethics committee. The study focused on patients who visited our urology outpatient clinic for infertility between January 2020 and March 2021. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients with obstructive azoospermia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, history of previous testicular disease, previous TESE, and history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded from the study.
Azoospermia was diagnosed after performing semen analysis at least twice, adhering to the criteria outlined by the WHO. All patients underwent karyotype analysis and Y microdeletion analysis. Testicular volumes were measured using Prader orchidometry and confirmed by scrotal ultrasonography.
For patients scheduled for Micro-TESE, elastography measurements were conducted in the supine position. These measurements were performed by the same radiologist in the Radiology department. A total of six points Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were recorded from each patient, including upper right, middle right, lower right, upper left, middle left, and lower left.
All patients underwent the micro-TESE procedure by the same surgeon. The procedure was first applied to the testis with a better volume and consistency. Samples of large and bright tubules were extracted using microforceps under a microscope, utilizing a magnification range of 20X-25X. The embryologist provides biopsy results indicating the presence or absence of spermatozoa. If five or more mature spermatozoa are observed within the testicular tissues, the procedure is terminated. However, if fewer than five spermatozoa are identified in the tissues, the procedure is repeated on the contralateral testicle to ensure a comprehensive examination and thorough exploration. Tissues containing a satisfactory quantity of sperm were processed and preserved in the incubator until the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) procedure which was planned following the sperm cryopreservation of the patients whose sperms could be retrieved. In cases where sperm could not be retrieved from patients, testicular tissue was placed in Bouin's solution and sent for histopathological examination.
Azoospermia was diagnosed after performing semen analysis at least twice, adhering to the criteria outlined by the WHO. All patients underwent karyotype analysis and Y microdeletion analysis. Testicular volumes were measured using Prader orchidometry and confirmed by scrotal ultrasonography.
For patients scheduled for Micro-TESE, elastography measurements were conducted in the supine position. These measurements were performed by the same radiologist in the Radiology department. A total of six points Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were recorded from each patient, including upper right, middle right, lower right, upper left, middle left, and lower left.
All patients underwent the micro-TESE procedure by the same surgeon. The procedure was first applied to the testis with a better volume and consistency. Samples of large and bright tubules were extracted using microforceps under a microscope, utilizing a magnification range of 20X-25X. The embryologist provides biopsy results indicating the presence or absence of spermatozoa. If five or more mature spermatozoa are observed within the testicular tissues, the procedure is terminated. However, if fewer than five spermatozoa are identified in the tissues, the procedure is repeated on the contralateral testicle to ensure a comprehensive examination and thorough exploration. Tissues containing a satisfactory quantity of sperm were processed and preserved in the incubator until the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) procedure which was planned following the sperm cryopreservation of the patients whose sperms could be retrieved. In cases where sperm could not be retrieved from patients, testicular tissue was placed in Bouin's solution and sent for histopathological examination.
Conditions
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Azoospermia
Elasticity Imaging Techniques
Fertility Preservation
Study Design
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Allocation Method
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Study Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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tese positive
micro tese positive
Group Type
OTHER
testicular elastography
Intervention Type
DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
testicular elastography for predicting non obstructive azoospermia
tese negative
micro tese negative
Group Type
OTHER
testicular elastography
Intervention Type
DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
testicular elastography for predicting non obstructive azoospermia
Interventions
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testicular elastography
testicular elastography for predicting non obstructive azoospermia
Intervention Type
DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* non obstructive azoospermia
* testicular elastography performed
* micro tese performed
* testicular elastography performed
* micro tese performed
Exclusion Criteria
* obstructive azoospermia
* testicular elastography not performed
* micro tese not performed
* testicular elastography not performed
* micro tese not performed
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
65 Years
Eligible Sex
MALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Harran University
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Uşak University
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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ADEM TUNÇEKİN
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Harran University
Locations
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Harran Üniversitesi
Sanliurfa, Halilye, Turkey (Türkiye)
Site Status
Countries
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Turkey (Türkiye)
References
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Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, de Mouzon J, Ishihara O, Mansour R, Nygren K, Sullivan E, Vanderpoel S; International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology; World Health Organization. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009. Fertil Steril. 2009 Nov;92(5):1520-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
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Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, Cho CL, Henkel R, Vij S, Arafa M, Panner Selvam MK, Shah R. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):319-333. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
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Sharlip ID, Jarow JP, Belker AM, Lipshultz LI, Sigman M, Thomas AJ, Schlegel PN, Howards SS, Nehra A, Damewood MD, Overstreet JW, Sadovsky R. Best practice policies for male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2002 May;77(5):873-82. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03105-9. No abstract available.
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BACKGROUND
Sharma M, Leslie SW. Azoospermia. 2023 Nov 18. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578191/
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Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with Society for Male Reproduction and Urology. The management of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov;90(5 Suppl):S121-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.096.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bernie AM, Ramasamy R, Schlegel PN. Predictive factors of successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Basic Clin Androl. 2013 Oct 2;23:5. doi: 10.1186/2051-4190-23-5. eCollection 2013.
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Flannigan R, Bach PV, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Transl Androl Urol. 2017 Aug;6(4):745-752. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.07.07.
Reference Type
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Baleato-Gonzalez S, Osorio-Vazquez I, Flores-Rios E, Santiago-Perez MI, Laguna-Reyes JP, Garcia-Figueiras R. Testicular Evaluation Using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in Patients with Varicocele. J Imaging. 2023 Aug 22;9(9):166. doi: 10.3390/jimaging9090166.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Schurich M, Aigner F, Frauscher F, Pallwein L. The role of ultrasound in assessment of male fertility. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009 May;144 Suppl 1:S192-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.034. Epub 2009 Mar 20.
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Herek D, Cakmak V, Comut E, Herek O. The value of multimodal ultrasonography in the evaluation of late presenting testicular torsion in a rat experimental model. Br J Radiol. 2024 Feb 2;97(1154):377-385. doi: 10.1093/bjr/tqad059.
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Lin YY, Mao L, Li J, Zhu ZM, Luo YH, Zhou XH, Qiu SD, Chen F. Exploring the anatomical factors influencing testes elasticity via ultrasound shear wave elastography: Preliminary results. Rev Int Androl. 2023 Oct-Dec;21(4):100367. doi: 10.1016/j.androl.2023.100367. Epub 2023 Jul 7.
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Illiano E, Trama F, Ruffo A, Romeo G, Riccardo F, Crocetto F, Iacono F, Costantini E. Testicular shear wave elastography in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic individuals: a prospective case-control study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021 Sep;53(9):1773-1783. doi: 10.1007/s11255-021-02909-4. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
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BACKGROUND
Harris SE, Sandlow JI. Sperm acquisition in nonobstructive azoospermia: what are the options? Urol Clin North Am. 2008 May;35(2):235-42, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2008.01.008.
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Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction: microdissection improves sperm yield with minimal tissue excision. Hum Reprod. 1999 Jan;14(1):131-5. doi: 10.1093/humrep/14.1.131.
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Arian I, Dumbraveanu I, Ghenciu V, Machidon D, Ernu I, Ceban E. Histological and immunohistochemical outcomes after microdissection TESE in contrast with hormonal profile, testis volume and genetics in patients with azoospermia. J Med Life. 2023 Jan;16(1):144-152. doi: 10.25122/jml-2022-0336.
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Marcon J, Trottmann M, Rubenthaler J, D'Anastasi M, Stief CG, Reiser MF, Clevert DA. Three-dimensional vs. two-dimensional shear-wave elastography of the testes - preliminary study on a healthy collective. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2016;64(3):447-456. doi: 10.3233/CH-168115.
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Ozturker C, Karagoz E, Incedayi M. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis: 2-D Shear Wave Elastography, Transient Elastography or Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging? Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016 Dec;42(12):3052. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.033. Epub 2016 May 17. No abstract available.
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Magri F, Chytiris S, Capelli V, Alessi S, Nalon E, Rotondi M, Cassibba S, Calliada F, Chiovato L. Shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules: feasibility in the case of coexistent chronic autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Jan;76(1):137-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04170.x.
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Zhang X, Lv F, Tang J. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is reliable method for testicular spermatogenesis evaluation after torsion. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 May 15;8(5):7089-97. eCollection 2015.
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Kantarci F, Cebi Olgun D, Mihmanli I. Shear-wave elastography of segmental infarction of the testis. Korean J Radiol. 2012 Nov-Dec;13(6):820-2. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2012.13.6.820. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
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Marcon J, Trottmann M, Rubenthaler J, Stief CG, Reiser MF, Clevert DA. Shear wave elastography of the testes in a healthy study collective - Differences in standard values between ARFI and VTIQ techniques. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2016;64(4):721-728. doi: 10.3233/CH-168052.
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Erdogan H, Durmaz MS, Ozbakir B, Cebeci H, Ozkan D, Gokmen IE. Experience of using shear wave elastography in evaluation of testicular stiffness in cases of male infertility. J Ultrasound. 2020 Dec;23(4):529-534. doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00430-5. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
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Yavuz A, Yokus A, Taken K, Batur A, Ozgokce M, Arslan H. Reliability of testicular stiffness quantification using shear wave elastography in predicting male fertility: a preliminary prospective study. Med Ultrason. 2018 May 2;20(2):141-147. doi: 10.11152/mu-1278.
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Abdelaal AMA, El-Azizi HM, GamalEl Din SF, Abdulsalam Mohammad Azzazi O, Shokr Mohamed M. Evaluation of the potential role of shear wave elastography as a promising predictor of sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermic patients: A prospective study. Andrology. 2021 Sep;9(5):1481-1489. doi: 10.1111/andr.13005. Epub 2021 Apr 25.
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Rocher L, Criton A, Gennisson JL, Izard V, Ferlicot S, Tanter M, Benoit G, Bellin MF, Correas JM. Testicular Shear Wave Elastography in Normal and Infertile Men: A Prospective Study on 601 Patients. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2017 Apr;43(4):782-789. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.11.016. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
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Li M, Li FH, Du J, Wang ZQ, Zheng JF, Li Z, Ping P. [Quantitative analysis by real-time elastosonography for the differential diagnosis of azoospermia: preliminary application]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2012 Jan;18(1):35-8. Chinese.
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BACKGROUND
Hu JY, Huang WL, Gao Y, Yang Z, Ding L, Xie Y, Xie XY, Hu HT, Wang Z. Preliminary investigation of the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography in evaluating the testicular spermatogenic function in patients with azoospermia. Andrologia. 2021 Jun;53(5):e14039. doi: 10.1111/and.14039. Epub 2021 Mar 7.
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BACKGROUND
Fu W, Cui J, Tang S. The relationship of testicular stiffness with Johnsen score and sperm retrieval outcome in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024 Apr 3;14(4):3033-3043. doi: 10.21037/qims-23-1381. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
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BACKGROUND
Zhang H, Xi Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Liu R, Yu Y. Prediction of microdissection testicular sperm extraction outcome in men with idiopathic nonobstruction azoospermia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 May;99(18):e19934. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019934.
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Tunc L, Kirac M, Gurocak S, Yucel A, Kupeli B, Alkibay T, Bozkirli I. Can serum Inhibin B and FSH levels, testicular histology and volume predict the outcome of testicular sperm extraction in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia? Int Urol Nephrol. 2006;38(3-4):629-35. doi: 10.1007/s11255-006-0095-1. Epub 2006 Nov 3.
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BACKGROUND
Amer M, Ateyah A, Zohdy W, Abd El Nasser T, Abdel-Malak G, Fakhry E. Preoperative and intraoperative factors that predict difficult testicular sperm retrieval in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2002 Sep;78(3):646-7. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03273-9. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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HRÜ-TUNÇEKİN-001
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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