Accuracy of Static Computer-assisted Implant Surgery in Distal Free-end Scenarios
NCT ID: NCT06404385
Last Updated: 2025-09-05
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
27 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2012-09-11
2019-12-17
Brief Summary
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The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of CAD-CAM and conventional guides in candidates for distal free-end implant treatment, and to analyze the effects of possible confounding factors inherent to the patient or the surgical technique employed.A prospective, controlled and blinded quasi-experimental study was carried out involving 27 patients with 76 implants distributed into two groups according to the surgical guide manufacturing approach used: conventional (control group \[CG\]) or CAD-CAM (test group \[TG\]). The implants were planned virtually with the planning software, and the surgical guides were manufactured. Fully guided implant placement was carried out, and the deviations were measured along with other secondary variables as potential confounding factors.
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Detailed Description
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These surgical guides can be manufactured using CAD-CAM or conventional technologies in the laboratory, employing drilling machines or mechanical positioners. In the case of the conventional guide manufactured in the laboratory, the technician creates a radiological guide that is then converted into a surgical guide - the whole process being analogic, except for planning of the implants. At present, and with the development of digital workflows, CAD-CAM procedures are used for both the design and manufacture of the surgical guide, using different processes. This simplifies the workflow, which can reduce the costs of smaller rehabilitations.
Clinical studies on accuracy published in the literature are heterogeneous, with differences in the systems used, the surgical technique, the type of surgical guide support or the type of edentulism involved.These data justify further research in humans, focusing on fully sCAIS, in order to reduce heterogeneity. Furthermore, a review of the literature revealed a lack of clinical publications on the accuracy of CAD-CAM surgical guides compared to conventional guides. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of CAD-CAM and conventional guides in candidates for distal free-end implant treatment, and to analyze the effects of possible confounding factors inherent to the patient or the surgical technique employed. Intra- and postoperative complications of the surgical technique were also evaluated, as well as implant success and peri-implant marginal bone loss. Hence, the null hypothesis of the study was the absence of any difference in accuracy between both guides.
A prospective, controlled, examiner- and statistician-blinded, parallel-arm quasi-experimental study was carried out at the University of Valencia (Valencia, Spain). Two groups were established according to the surgical guide design involved: conventional (control group \[CG\]) or CAD-CAM (test group \[TG\]).
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
OTHER
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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Conventional surgical guide
Implants (Straumann®) placed with an analogic laboratory surgical guide
Static computer-assisted guided surgery with analogic guide
coDiagnostix9® planning software
Computer aided design - computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) surgical guide
Implants (Straumann®) placed with static computer-assisted implant surgery
Static computer-assisted guided surgery with CAD-CAM surgical guide
coDiagnostix9® planning software
Interventions
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Static computer-assisted guided surgery with analogic guide
coDiagnostix9® planning software
Static computer-assisted guided surgery with CAD-CAM surgical guide
coDiagnostix9® planning software
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Sufficient residual crest for placing at least two implants 4.1 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length.
* Mature bone and healthy soft tissues.
* Implants placed via fully guided surgery.
* Age \> 18 years.
* Good general health.
* Non-smokers or smokers of \< 10 cigarettes/day (pipe smokers excluded).
* Oral hygiene index \< 3 and bleeding index \< 25%.
* Pre- and post- CBCT scan for analysis of accuracy.
* Periapical radiographs at loading and after one year.
Exclusion Criteria
* Locations with acute infection.
* Pregnant or nursing women.
* Lack of follow-up.
18 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Valencia
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Berta García Mira
Assistant Professor of Stomatology
Principal Investigators
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MIGUEL PEÑARROCHA-DIAGO, Phd, DDS
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
University of Valencia
Locations
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University of Valencia. Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry. CLINICA ODONTOLOGICA
Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Countries
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References
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Balaguer-Marti JC, Canet-Lopez A, Penarrocha-Diago M, Romeo-Rubio M, Penarrocha-Diago M, Garcia-Mira B. Influence of Splint Support on the Precision of Static Totally Guided Dental Implant Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2023 Jan-Feb;38(1):157-168. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9796.
Bover-Ramos F, Vina-Almunia J, Cervera-Ballester J, Penarrocha-Diago M, Garcia-Mira B. Accuracy of Implant Placement with Computer-Guided Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Cadaver, Clinical, and In Vitro Studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2018 January/February;33(1):101-115. doi: 10.11607/jomi.5556. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Chen X, Yang Z, Wang Y, Fu G. Fixation Pins Increase the Accuracy of Implant Surgery in Free-End Models: An In Vitro Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 May;81(5):593-601. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.12.017. Epub 2023 Jan 28.
El Kholy K, Lazarin R, Janner SFM, Faerber K, Buser R, Buser D. Influence of surgical guide support and implant site location on accuracy of static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2019 Nov;30(11):1067-1075. doi: 10.1111/clr.13520. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
El Kholy K, Janner SFM, Schimmel M, Buser D. The influence of guided sleeve height, drilling distance, and drilling key length on the accuracy of static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019 Feb;21(1):101-107. doi: 10.1111/cid.12705. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
Kessler A, Le V, Folwaczny M. Influence of the tooth position, guided sleeve height, supporting length, manufacturing methods, and resin E-modulus on the in vitro accuracy of surgical implant guides in a free-end situation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Sep;32(9):1097-1104. doi: 10.1111/clr.13804. Epub 2021 Jul 17.
Khorsandi D, Fahimipour A, Abasian P, Saber SS, Seyedi M, Ghanavati S, Ahmad A, De Stephanis AA, Taghavinezhaddilami F, Leonova A, Mohammadinejad R, Shabani M, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V, Tay FR, Makvandi P. 3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications. Acta Biomater. 2021 Mar 1;122:26-49. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.044. Epub 2020 Dec 26.
Le V, Kessler A, Folwaczny M. Influence of DLP and SLA printer technology on the accuracy of surgical guides for implant dentistry in free-end situations. Int J Comput Dent. 2023 Sep 26;26(3):217-226. doi: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b3774115.
Matta RE, Bergauer B, Adler W, Wichmann M, Nickenig HJ. The impact of the fabrication method on the three-dimensional accuracy of an implant surgery template. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017 Jun;45(6):804-808. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.02.015. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Putra RH, Yoda N, Astuti ER, Sasaki K. The accuracy of implant placement with computer-guided surgery in partially edentulous patients and possible influencing factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont Res. 2022 Jan 11;66(1):29-39. doi: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00184. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
Berta GM, Luigi C, Miguel PD, Carlos BJ. Prospective Clinical Study on the Accuracy of Static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery in Patients With Distal Free-End Implants. Conventional Versus CAD-CAM Surgical Guides. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2025 Mar;36(3):314-324. doi: 10.1111/clr.14384. Epub 2024 Nov 23.
Other Identifiers
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H20190402125847
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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