Primary or Secondary Drowning

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

700 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-01-01

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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According to WHO's rules, any death certificate must state the underlying cause of death and contributory causes of death may also be stated.

Differentiating between primary and secondary drowning is difficult, as information preceding the drowning incident is rarely available. Yet, knowing the most frequent causes of secondary drowning may provide useful information to healthcare professionals working in prehospital Emergency Medical Services, as this may affect prehospital treatment.

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Detailed Description

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The annual death statistics are based solely on the underlying cause of death, that is the disease or condition which started the process that led to death. The conditions that directly caused the death are also to be stated by the physician on the death certificate and may be included in the statistics. In research projects, data on those contributory causes of death may be drawn from the register. It is now the medical doctor who has verified the death and issued the death certificate indicating the underlying and contributory causes of death, who also classifies these causes in accordance with ICD-10 and fills in the coded data on the electronic death certificate. The Danish Register of Causes of Death is, thus, updated without central validation of the classification and relies entirely on the coding done by individual physicians.

This study aims to characterise fatal drowning incidents as primary or secondary drownings and report the frequencies of secondary drowning causes.

Conditions

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Drowning Drowning; Anoxia Drowning, Near Drowning in Swimming Pool Drowning; Asphyxia Drowning/Diving/SCUBA Accident Drowning or Immersion of Unknown Intent Drowning and Submersion, Undetermined Intent Drowning and Submersion While in Bath-Tub Drowning and Submersion While in Natural Water Drowning and Submersion Due to Sailboat Sinking Drowning and Submersion Due to Fall Off Ship Drowning and Submersion While in Swimming-Pool

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Primary fatal drowning

These patients are registered in the Danish Register of Causes of Death, with drowning as an underlying cause of death in the death certificate.

Drowning

Intervention Type OTHER

Drowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid.

Secondary fatal drowning

These patients are registered in the Danish Register of Causes of Death, with drowning as a contributory cause of death or drowning not registered in the death certificate.

Drowning

Intervention Type OTHER

Drowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid.

Interventions

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Drowning

Drowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* All drowning patients registered in the Danish Prehospital Drowning Data AND
* Having a fatal outcome within 30 days after the drowning incident AND
* Having a valid civil registration number in the Danish Prehospital Drowning Data
* Being able to link data from the Danish Register of Causes of Death

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients alive 30 days after the drowning incident
* Patients with an invalid civil registration number in the Danish Prehospital Drowning Data
* Patients where data cannot be retrieved from the Danish Register of Causes of Death

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No