Drowning in Denmark: A Registry-based Study of Fatal and Non-fatal Drowning From 2016 to 2023

NCT ID: NCT05425537

Last Updated: 2025-05-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

1664 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-01-01

Study Completion Date

2025-03-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Using nationwide data from the prehospital electronic health records from 2016 to 2023, this registry-based cohort study aims to establish a nationwide epidemiological profile of non-fatal and fatal drowning patients in Denmark in adherence with the Utstein Style For Drowning (USFD) recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning. This includes reporting the annual incidence rates per 100,000 person-years, assessing the associations between predefined prognostic variables and 30-day survival, and reporting the spatial distribution of drowning incidents presented on a map of Denmark.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to establish a nationwide epidemiological profile of non-fatal and fatal drowning patients in Denmark which can be used to target educational, preventative, rescue, or treatment strategies to reduce the number of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark.

Objectives

The primary objective is to estimate the yearly incidence rates of drowning patients in Denmark treated by the Danish Emergency Medical Services from 2016 to 2023. The secondary objective is to report the associations between predefined prognostic variables and 30-day survival.

Study design

A nationwide registry-based study with data from the Danish Drowning Cohort (extracted from the prehospital electronic health records using syndromic surveillance and extensive manual validation) from 2016 to 2023 with 30-day follow-up.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Drowning

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Fatal drowning

Fatal drowning incident where the patient died because of the drowning process

Drowning incident

Intervention Type OTHER

Drowning is defined by the WHO in 2002 as "the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid"

Non-fatal drowning

Non-fatal drowning incident where the patient was drowning and can be ascertained to have been experiencing either mild, moderate, or severe respiratory impairment immediately after the drowning process ended but survived.

Drowning incident

Intervention Type OTHER

Drowning is defined by the WHO in 2002 as "the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid"

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Drowning incident

Drowning is defined by the WHO in 2002 as "the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid"

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* The patient must have been experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid AND
* The patient must have been in contact with the Danish prehospital emergency medical services.

Exclusion Criteria

\- Patients were excluded if the incident involved submersion or immersion with aspiration, but the patient did not experience respiratory impairment. For example, if the patient was rescued from the water without signs of respiratory impairment, or if the respondent reported "a few coughs" or "voluntary cough".
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Prehospital Center, Region Zealand

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Niklas Breindahl

Medical Doctor, PhD-student

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Niklas Breindahl, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Prehospital Center, Region Zealand

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Prehospital Center

Næstved, Region Sjælland, Denmark

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Denmark

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Weiss J; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of drowning. Pediatrics. 2010 Jul;126(1):e253-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1265. Epub 2010 May 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20498167 (View on PubMed)

Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Davison MS, Zeigler RJ, McAlister SJ. The use of non-uniform drowning terminology: a follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017 Jul 17;25(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13049-017-0405-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28716063 (View on PubMed)

Papa L, Hoelle R, Idris A. Systematic review of definitions for drowning incidents. Resuscitation. 2005 Jun;65(3):255-64. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.11.030.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15919561 (View on PubMed)

Lu TH, Lunetta P, Walker S. Quality of cause-of-death reporting using ICD-10 drowning codes: a descriptive study of 69 countries. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010 Apr 8;10:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20374660 (View on PubMed)

Steensberg J. Epidemiology of accidental drowning in Denmark 1989-1993. Accid Anal Prev. 1998 Nov;30(6):755-62. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00028-1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9805518 (View on PubMed)

Mackie IJ. Patterns of drowning in Australia, 1992-1997. Med J Aust. 1999 Dec 6-20;171(11-12):587-90. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123808.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10721338 (View on PubMed)

Truhlar A, Deakin CD, Soar J, Khalifa GE, Alfonzo A, Bierens JJ, Brattebo G, Brugger H, Dunning J, Hunyadi-Anticevic S, Koster RW, Lockey DJ, Lott C, Paal P, Perkins GD, Sandroni C, Thies KC, Zideman DA, Nolan JP; Cardiac arrest in special circumstances section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:148-201. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.017. Epub 2015 Oct 15. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26477412 (View on PubMed)

Venema AM, Groothoff JW, Bierens JJ. The role of bystanders during rescue and resuscitation of drowning victims. Resuscitation. 2010 Apr;81(4):434-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Feb 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20149515 (View on PubMed)

Idris AH, Berg RA, Bierens J, Bossaert L, Branche CM, Gabrielli A, Graves SA, Handley AJ, Hoelle R, Morley PT, Papa L, Pepe PE, Quan L, Szpilman D, Wigginton JG, Modell JH; American Heart Association. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning: the "Utstein style". Circulation. 2003 Nov 18;108(20):2565-74. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099581.70012.68. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14623794 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

DROWN_NONFATAL

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Primary or Secondary Drowning
NCT06310499 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING