A Randomized Field Trial of Smartphone-based Feedback to Encourage Safe Driving
NCT ID: NCT06101251
Last Updated: 2025-07-02
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
1449 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-01-25
2024-09-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
Arm 1, Control: Way to Drive app only monitors trips in the background
Arm 2, Standard feedback + UBI-like Financial Incentive: Receive weekly feedback on all four behaviors and overall driver safety; safety tips on all four behaviors; up to $100 based on their overall driver safety at end of intervention.
Arm 3, Assigned Goal + UBI-like Financial Incentive: Receive weekly feedback on behavior that presents greatest opportunity for improvement; safety tips on this behavior; up to $100 based on their overall driver safety at end of intervention.
Arm 4, Self-Chosen Goal + UBI-like Financial Incentive: Receive weekly feedback on behavior of their own choosing; safety tips on this behavior; up to $100 based on their overall driver safety at end of intervention.
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Control
Participants will have the Way to Drive app monitoring in the background throughout the intervention period for overall driving score, handheld phone use, speeding, hard braking, and fast acceleration. They will not receive feedback, driving tips or UBI-like behavioral incentives.
Participants will also receive payment or non-adherence messages as needed for having the app functioning.
No interventions assigned to this group
Standard Feedback + UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
Participants will have the Way to Drive app monitoring in the background, and will receive payment or non-adherence messages as needed, but will also receive, Standard Feedback, Study Dashboard, Driving Tips, and UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
Driving Tips
Each week participants will receive a safe driving tip for one of the four behaviors via text message.
Standard Feedback
Each week participants will receive a text message showing their overall driving score (out of 100) and subscores for distraction, hard braking, fast acceleration, and speeding (all running averages). The scoreboard will indicate whether their scores have gone up, down, or stayed the same. The message will include a link to a dashboard.
Study Dashboard (Standard)
By clicking the link in the feedback text, they will be able to view a weekly dashboard that provides detailed information about their baseline, best, last, and average scores for each of the four behaviors, plus descriptions of the four behaviors.
UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
At the end of the 12-week intervention period, their overall driving score will be translated into a $0-$100 reward amount. For example, a participant with an overall driving score of 84 at the end of the intervention period would receive $84 in compensation.
Assigned Goal with UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
Participants will have the Way to Drive app monitoring in the background, and will receive payment or non-adherence messages as needed, but will also receive Assigned Focus Area Feedback, Driving Tips, a Study Dashboard, and UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
Driving Tips
Each week participants will receive a safe driving tip for one of the four behaviors via text message.
Assigned Focus Area Feedback
Each week feedback will focus the participant's attention on the driving behavior with the greatest opportunity for improvement based on their baseline driving behavior. Participants will be assigned a goal for the week of a score 5 points (3 points in the case of Driver Focus) better than their baseline for that area. If they meet the goal, they will be given a new goal 5 points higher; if they fall short, they will be asked to try for the same goal again. If they improve sufficiently-or if their improvement stalls out-they will be assigned a new behavior to focus on.
Study Dashboard (focused)
Same as standard study dashboard, except participants will see at the top of the dashboard how well they are doing relative to their weekly goals.
UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
At the end of the 12-week intervention period, their overall driving score will be translated into a $0-$100 reward amount. For example, a participant with an overall driving score of 84 at the end of the intervention period would receive $84 in compensation.
Self-Chosen Goal with UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
Participants will have the Way to Drive app monitoring in the background, and will receive payment or non-adherence messages as needed, but will also receive Self-Chosen Focus Area Feedback, Driving Tips, Study Dashboard, and UBI-like Behavioral Incentive.
Driving Tips
Each week participants will receive a safe driving tip for one of the four behaviors via text message.
Study Dashboard (Standard)
By clicking the link in the feedback text, they will be able to view a weekly dashboard that provides detailed information about their baseline, best, last, and average scores for each of the four behaviors, plus descriptions of the four behaviors.
UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
At the end of the 12-week intervention period, their overall driving score will be translated into a $0-$100 reward amount. For example, a participant with an overall driving score of 84 at the end of the intervention period would receive $84 in compensation.
Sef-Chosen Focus Area Feedback
Participants will be asked to select which driving behavior they want to focus on improving, and to set a goal for the week that is above their baseline score. If they meet the goal, they will be asked to set a new, higher goal; if they fall short, they will be asked to try for the same goal again. If they improve sufficiently-or if their improvement stalls out-they will be asked if they want to focus on a new behavior.
Interventions
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Driving Tips
Each week participants will receive a safe driving tip for one of the four behaviors via text message.
Standard Feedback
Each week participants will receive a text message showing their overall driving score (out of 100) and subscores for distraction, hard braking, fast acceleration, and speeding (all running averages). The scoreboard will indicate whether their scores have gone up, down, or stayed the same. The message will include a link to a dashboard.
Assigned Focus Area Feedback
Each week feedback will focus the participant's attention on the driving behavior with the greatest opportunity for improvement based on their baseline driving behavior. Participants will be assigned a goal for the week of a score 5 points (3 points in the case of Driver Focus) better than their baseline for that area. If they meet the goal, they will be given a new goal 5 points higher; if they fall short, they will be asked to try for the same goal again. If they improve sufficiently-or if their improvement stalls out-they will be assigned a new behavior to focus on.
Study Dashboard (Standard)
By clicking the link in the feedback text, they will be able to view a weekly dashboard that provides detailed information about their baseline, best, last, and average scores for each of the four behaviors, plus descriptions of the four behaviors.
Study Dashboard (focused)
Same as standard study dashboard, except participants will see at the top of the dashboard how well they are doing relative to their weekly goals.
UBI-like Behavioral Incentive
At the end of the 12-week intervention period, their overall driving score will be translated into a $0-$100 reward amount. For example, a participant with an overall driving score of 84 at the end of the intervention period would receive $84 in compensation.
Sef-Chosen Focus Area Feedback
Participants will be asked to select which driving behavior they want to focus on improving, and to set a goal for the week that is above their baseline score. If they meet the goal, they will be asked to set a new, higher goal; if they fall short, they will be asked to try for the same goal again. If they improve sufficiently-or if their improvement stalls out-they will be asked if they want to focus on a new behavior.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Has an Apple or Android smartphone (iPhone iOS 12 or later or Android OS 7 or later)
* Drives at least 2 days per week
* English reading ability
* Passes an attention check
* Provides valid email address, cell number, name, address, and date of birth
Exclusion Criteria
18 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
UNKNOWN
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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M. Kit Delgado, MD
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Epidemiology
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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853761
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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