Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
180 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2022-11-01
2026-08-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Control group
regular kindergarten education
No interventions assigned to this group
Chinese characters-based visual-motor program
visual perceptual motor activities using Chinese characters as activity materials.
Chinese character-based visuomotor training program
this program includes visual-perceptual-motor play, paper-pencil activities, and ipad games using Chinese character as activity materials
traditional visual-motor training program
visual perceptual motor activities using commercial or self-designed toys and pencil-paper sheets as activity materials.
traditional visuomotor training program
this program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities, ipad games using commercial or self-designed stuffs as activity materials
Interventions
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Chinese character-based visuomotor training program
this program includes visual-perceptual-motor play, paper-pencil activities, and ipad games using Chinese character as activity materials
traditional visuomotor training program
this program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities, ipad games using commercial or self-designed stuffs as activity materials
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Both parents are native Mandarin Chinese speakers
Exclusion Criteria
* Visual or hearing problems that cannot be corrected to be normal
* Genetic or chromosomal abnormality
* Significant neurological, muscular, and skeletal damage to the trunk or upper extremities
* moderate or severe intellectual disabilities
5 Years
6 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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National Science and Technology Council
FED
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Yea-Shwu Hwang, ScD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
National Cheng Kung University
Locations
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National Cheng Kung University
Tainan City, , Taiwan
Countries
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Central Contacts
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References
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Chen YN, Lin CK, Wei TS, Liu CH, Wuang YP. The effectiveness of multimedia visual perceptual training groups for the preschool children with developmental delay. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Dec;34(12):4447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.023. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
Chang SH, Yu NY. Visual and Haptic Perception Training to Improve Handwriting Skills in Children With Dysgraphia. Am J Occup Ther. 2017 Mar/Apr;71(2):7102220030p1-7102220030p10. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2017.021311.
Dankert HL, Davies PL, Gavin WJ. Occupational therapy effects on visual-motor skills in preschool children. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Sep-Oct;57(5):542-9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.5.542.
Daly CJ, Kelley GT, Krauss A. Relationship between visual-motor integration and handwriting skills of children in kindergarten: a modified replication study. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Jul-Aug;57(4):459-62. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.4.459.
Feder KP, Majnemer A, Bourbonnais D, Platt R, Blayney M, Synnes A. Handwriting performance in preterm children compared with term peers at age 6 to 7 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Mar;47(3):163-70. doi: 10.1017/s0012162205000307.
Feder KP, Majnemer A. Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Apr;49(4):312-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x.
Hwang YS, Su PF, Hsiao YL, Tsai WH, Hung JY. Developing a Nomogram Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Chinese Handwriting in First Grade. Am J Occup Ther. 2020 Sep/Oct;74(5):7405205080p1-7405205080p8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038711.
Lee TI, Howe TH, Chen HL, Wang TN. Predicting Handwriting Legibility in Taiwanese Elementary School Children. Am J Occup Ther. 2016 Nov/Dec;70(6):7006220020p1-7006220020p9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2016.016865.
Ohl AM, Graze H, Weber K, Kenny S, Salvatore C, Wagreich S. Effectiveness of a 10-week tier-1 response to intervention program in improving fine motor and visual-motor skills in general education kindergarten students. Am J Occup Ther. 2013 Sep-Oct;67(5):507-14. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2013.008110.
Poon KW, Li-Tsang CW, Weiss TP, Rosenblum S. The effect of a computerized visual perception and visual-motor integration training program on improving Chinese handwriting of children with handwriting difficulties. Res Dev Disabil. 2010 Nov-Dec;31(6):1552-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.001.
Prunty M, Barnett AL, Wilmut K, Plumb M. Visual perceptual and handwriting skills in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Hum Mov Sci. 2016 Oct;49:54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 18.
Ratzon NZ, Efraim D, Bart O. A short-term graphomotor program for improving writing readiness skills of first-grade students. Am J Occup Ther. 2007 Jul-Aug;61(4):399-405. doi: 10.5014/ajot.61.4.399.
Taverna L, Tremolada M, Dozza L, Zanin Scaratti R, Ulrike D, Lallo C, Tosetto B. Who Benefits from An Intervention Program on Foundational Skills for Handwriting Addressed to Kindergarten Children and First Graders? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;17(6):2166. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062166.
Tse LF, Thanapalan KC, Chan CC. Visual-perceptual-kinesthetic inputs on influencing writing performances in children with handwriting difficulties. Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Feb;35(2):340-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.11.013. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Tseng MH, Chow SM. Perceptual-motor function of school-age children with slow handwriting speed. Am J Occup Ther. 2000 Jan-Feb;54(1):83-8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.54.1.83.
van Hartingsveldt MJ, Cup EH, Hendriks JC, de Vries L, de Groot IJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Predictive validity of kindergarten assessments on handwriting readiness. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jan;36C:114-124. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.014. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Volman MJ, van Schendel BM, Jongmans MJ. Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: a search for underlying mechanisms. Am J Occup Ther. 2006 Jul-Aug;60(4):451-60. doi: 10.5014/ajot.60.4.451.
Other Identifiers
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A-ER-111-161
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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