Sensory Motor Lateralization as Handwriting Intervention in School-Based OT

NCT ID: NCT03903614

Last Updated: 2019-04-09

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

16 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-09-12

Study Completion Date

2013-06-12

Brief Summary

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Children who attend School-Based Occupational Therapy (SBOT) show mixed dominance and a liable decreased in the structural and functional differentiation between the two hemispheres. The lack of right-left disparity has been found to link to mirror invariance, poor spatial organization, fragmentary reversals, and handwriting difficulty. This study intends to find out, whether, Sensory Motor Lateralization (SML), "With" a rightward bias, profits handwriting more than the conventional (CON) "Without".

Detailed Description

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10 to 30% of school children suffer handwriting difficulty. Many of them are eventually referred to SBOT for remedial intervention. Among these children, 70% show mixed dominance in their hand and/or leg use, and a likely functional and structural interhemispherical asymmetry reduction. This would make them right-left symmetrical. Learning, thus, may be challenged, because people who are right-left balanced would not have a consistent reference point to process the learning materials regularly in any pre-determined directions. They are, thus, prone to suffer mirror invariance, fragmentary reversal errors, and handwriting difficulty, especially with the fast and accurate construction of asymmetrical letters from memory.

To enhance right-left disparity, dispel mirror invariance, and facilitate the automatized handwriting, SML preferentially belabors one's right eye, ear, hand and leg in therapy, that would greater engage the left hemisphere for its acclaimed vantages over learning. This study investigates, whether SML, wielding such a rightward bias, profits handwriting greater than CON.

Conditions

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Developmental Dysgraphia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
In this study, since the Principal Investigator was the intervener to both study groups, and also the data collector, an effort was made to ensure that both the pre- and posttest were administered in the presence of one other Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR) and/or a Physical Therapist, who shared the use of the room with Mrs. Teng, test booklets were encrypted, and, that the participants, parents, test graders (one different OTR to each test instrument), and statisticians were kept blind to the group assignment of each participant.

Study Groups

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Sensory Motor Lateralization (SML)

This was a group of 8 junior high school students who received SML in school for handwriting difficulty during the 2012-13 School Year. The participants received left eye-and-ear occlusion, fitness exercises, fine motor speed training, and handwriting practice on their right hand only.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

SML

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

SML consists of supervised handwriting practice, fitness exercises, and fine motor speed drills that preferentially belabor a participant's right eye, ear, hand and leg during therapy.

Conventional School-Based OT (CON)

This was a group of 8 junior high school students who received conventional school-based Occupational Therapy service for handwriting difficulty during the 2012-13 School Year. The participants received a like fitness exercises, fine motor speed training, and handwriting practice on their dominant hand instead.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CON

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CON consists of supervised handwriting practice, fitness exercises, and fine motor speed drills on the participant's dominant hand.

Interventions

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SML

SML consists of supervised handwriting practice, fitness exercises, and fine motor speed drills that preferentially belabor a participant's right eye, ear, hand and leg during therapy.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CON

CON consists of supervised handwriting practice, fitness exercises, and fine motor speed drills on the participant's dominant hand.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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Cerebral Lateralization Intervention Conventional School-Based OT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Any Special or Regular Education students with Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), OT mandates, and handwriting goals.
* Has Intelligence Quotient (IQ) equal to or above 60.
* Ambulatory.
* Proficient in English, and fluent in naming, identifying, and accessing the sequence of letters in the alphabet.
* The students who attend Physical Therapy (PT), Adaptive Physical Education (PE), and any other programs are included, if the programs being provided are skill-, theme-, or task-oriented, not involving any muscle strengthening activities.

Exclusion Criteria

* All are excluded, if the study candidates have any medical condition(s) that would prohibit them from the full physical participation in school.
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Mary H. Teng

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Mary H. Teng

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Mary H Teng, MS, OTR

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

References

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Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3097986/

Bédard, P., Wu, M., \& Sanes, J. N. (2011). Brain Activation Related to Combinations of Gaze Position, Visual Input, and Goal-Directed Hand Movements. Cerebral Cortex, 21(6), 1273-1282.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001767

Corballis, M. C. (2014). Left brain, right brain: facts and fantasies. PLoS Biology, 12(1), e1001767.

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/363/1499/1951.full.pdf

Frey, S. H. (2008). Tool use, communicative gesture and cerebral asymmetries in the modern human brain. Archives of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Biological Sciences, 363, 1951-7.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00221-003-1411-y

Guerraz, M., Blouin, J., \& Vercher, J. L. (2003). From head orientation to head control: evidence of both neck and vestibular involvement in hand drawing. Experimental Brain research, 150, 40-9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.43.9.774

Heilman, K. M., Howell, G., Valenstein, E., \& Rothi, L. (1980). Mirror-reading and writing in association with right-left spatial disorientation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 43(9), 774-80.

https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/abs/10.1123/pes.15.3.243

Sibley, B. A. and Jennifer L. Etnier, J. L. (2003). The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: A meta-analysis. Review Article. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15, 243-256.

Other Identifiers

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Conventional School-Based OT

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

TengM

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

NCT03514992

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: nct_alias

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