School Screening and Telemedicine Specialty Referral to Address Childhood Hearing Loss in Rural Kentucky

NCT ID: NCT05513833

Last Updated: 2025-07-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

18000 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-09-01

Study Completion Date

2027-06-30

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This trial will evaluate a multilevel intervention (STAR model) that combines mobile health (mHealth) hearing screening tools with telemedicine technology for specialty care access in rural Kentucky schools. An initial version of the model was used in rural Alaska where telemedicine-based specialty referral improved both proportion of children receiving follow-up and time to follow-up. The refined STAR model will utilize an enhanced mHealth screening protocol that includes tympanometry for the detection of middle ear disease. The STAR model will also include a specialty telemedicine referral process in schools for children who refer school screening.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Childhood hearing loss has substantial lifelong consequences, including speech-language delay, worse academic performance, and limited vocational opportunities. In rural settings, where access to care is limited, school-based preventative screening programs can help in early identification of childhood hearing loss. The state of Kentucky mandates hearing screening for all schools; however, the effectiveness of these programs is unclear. Further, current school programs do not include a middle ear assessment, which is needed to detect infection-related hearing loss common in children in rural and low-income settings. In children referred from school-based hearing screening programs, loss to follow-up also remains a pervasive issue.

To address these key issues, the University of Kentucky has partnered with the University of Arkansas Medical Sciences to lead the Appalachian STAR trial. This trial will evaluate a multilevel intervention (STAR model) that combines mobile health (mHealth) hearing screening tools with telemedicine technology for specialty care access in rural Kentucky schools. An initial version of the model was used in rural Alaska where telemedicine-based specialty referral improved both proportion of children receiving follow-up and time to follow-up. The refined STAR model will utilize an enhanced mHealth screening protocol that includes tympanometry for the detection of middle ear disease. The STAR model will also include a specialty telemedicine referral process in schools for children who refer school screening.

The Appalachian STAR stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial will be conducted in approximately 64 elementary schools located in 14 counties in rural Kentucky. Approximately 3600 students at school entry will be enrolled annually for 4 years, for a total of approximately 14,400 children. Cluster randomization will occur in two sequences at the county level, with 7 counties (clusters) in each sequence. The 4-year trial will include a control condition period, followed by phased roll-out of the intervention. The enhanced mHealth school hearing screening protocol will be implemented first. The following year, specialty telemedicine referral will be added to the enhanced screening protocol. All 14 counties will receive the STAR model by the end of the trial. An implementation evaluation will be conducted to refine the STAR model throughout the trial. If successful, the STAR model could be applied to address hearing loss and other childhood health conditions that affect underserved rural communities across America.

Timeline update: Based on feedback from community partners, we extended the trial for one year to allow for community-informed adaptations of the enhanced screening. After this additional year of enhanced screening only, specialty telemedicine referral will be added to the enhanced screening protocol. All counties will receive the STAR model by the end of the 5-year trial.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Hearing Loss

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

14 total counties (clusters) are participating in the stepped wedge randomized trial. There are two nested trials within the overall stepped-wedge trial: a complete design to evaluate the enhanced mHealth screening component and an incomplete design to evaluate the specialty telemedicine referral component combined with enhanced screening. Clusters will be randomized to cross over to enhanced mHealth hearing screening and specialty telemedicine referral in a stepwise manner until all clusters receive both the interventions.

The enhanced mHealth screening component will be rolled out in Years 2 or 3 (control period in Years 1 and 2) depending on sequence randomization. Specialty telemedicine referral will be rolled out in Years 3 and 4 (control period in Years 2 and 3) depending on sequence randomization.

Timeline update: With the trial extended by one year, rollout of specialty telemedicine referral will be shifted to Years 4 and 5 depending on sequence randomization.
Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Statisticians will also be masked to group allocation until analysis is complete.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Sequence 1

Standard School Screening: All counties in Sequence 1 will receive standard hearing screening in the control period, Year 1.

Standard Referral: All counties in Sequence 1 will receive standard referral in control period, Years 1, 2, and 3, based on the updated timeline.

Enhanced mHealth screening component: Counties randomized to Sequence 1 will receive the enhanced mHealth screening in Years 2, 3, 4, and 5, based on the updated timeline.

Specialty telemedicine referral component: Counties randomized to Sequence 1 will receive the specialty telemedicine referral component in addition to the enhanced mHealth screening in Years 4 and 5, based on the updated timeline.

Group Type OTHER

Standard School Screening and Referral

Intervention Type OTHER

Counties in the control condition will use standard hearing screening and standard referral by school district. Standard referral is typically a letter home from the school to parents/caregivers of children who refer screening.

Enhanced mHealth Screening

Intervention Type OTHER

The enhanced screening protocol will consist of an mHealth-based hearing screen combined with tympanometry.

Specialty Telemedicine Referral

Intervention Type OTHER

The specialty telemedicine referral will include a lay-friendly smartphone or tablet that connects to tools necessary for an ear and hearing evaluation. If a child requires referral from hearing screening, a school nurse/teacher will complete the established protocol for the specialty telemedicine referral and send details asynchronously to an audiologist for consultation.

Sequence 2

Standard Hearing Screening: All counties in Sequence 2 will receive standard hearing screening in the control period, Years 1 and 2.

Standard Referral: All counties in Sequence 2 will receive standard referral in control period, Years 1, 2, 3, and 4, based on the updated timeline.

Enhanced mHealth screening component: Counties randomized to Sequence 2 will receive the enhanced mHealth screening in Years 3, 4, and 5, based on the updated timeline.

Specialty telemedicine referral component: Counties randomized to Sequence 2 will receive the specialty telemedicine referral component in addition to the enhanced mHealth screening in Year 5, based on the updated timeline.

Group Type OTHER

Standard School Screening and Referral

Intervention Type OTHER

Counties in the control condition will use standard hearing screening and standard referral by school district. Standard referral is typically a letter home from the school to parents/caregivers of children who refer screening.

Enhanced mHealth Screening

Intervention Type OTHER

The enhanced screening protocol will consist of an mHealth-based hearing screen combined with tympanometry.

Specialty Telemedicine Referral

Intervention Type OTHER

The specialty telemedicine referral will include a lay-friendly smartphone or tablet that connects to tools necessary for an ear and hearing evaluation. If a child requires referral from hearing screening, a school nurse/teacher will complete the established protocol for the specialty telemedicine referral and send details asynchronously to an audiologist for consultation.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Standard School Screening and Referral

Counties in the control condition will use standard hearing screening and standard referral by school district. Standard referral is typically a letter home from the school to parents/caregivers of children who refer screening.

Intervention Type OTHER

Enhanced mHealth Screening

The enhanced screening protocol will consist of an mHealth-based hearing screen combined with tympanometry.

Intervention Type OTHER

Specialty Telemedicine Referral

The specialty telemedicine referral will include a lay-friendly smartphone or tablet that connects to tools necessary for an ear and hearing evaluation. If a child requires referral from hearing screening, a school nurse/teacher will complete the established protocol for the specialty telemedicine referral and send details asynchronously to an audiologist for consultation.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Enrolled in school in one of the 14 participating counties
* Initial entry into elementary school
* Eligible regardless of age, gender, race, or ethnicity

Exclusion Criteria

• N/A
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

11 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

University of Kentucky

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Duke University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Arkansas

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Matt Bush, MD, PhD, MBA

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Kentucky

Susan Emmett, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Arkansas Medical Sciences

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Susan Emmett, MD, MPH

Role: CONTACT

501-603-1212

Samantha Robler, AuD,PhD

Role: CONTACT

907-434-0433

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Matt Bush, MD, PhD

Role: primary

859-562-3120

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Srinivasan T, Kleindienst Robler S, Turner E, Platt A, Arthur D, Prvu Bettger J, Lane H, Schuh Gebert M, Deshpande S, Schoenberg N, Bush ML, Emmett SD. Improving Access to Specialty Care for Rural Children Using Enhanced Hearing Screening and Specialty Telehealth Follow-Up in Rural Kentucky Schools: Protocol for a Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Stepped Wedge, Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial (Appalachian STAR Trial). JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Aug 26;14:e77630. doi: 10.2196/77630.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40858294 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

1U01OD033247

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

274089

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Preschool Hearing Screening
NCT06058767 RECRUITING NA