Reducing Childhood Hearing Loss in an Alaska Native Population Through a New School Screening and Referral Process That Utilizes Mobile Health and Telemedicine

NCT ID: NCT03309553

Last Updated: 2020-06-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1481 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-10-10

Study Completion Date

2020-02-21

Brief Summary

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Hearing loss is a common health problem in Alaska. Up to 75% of children growing up in Alaskan villages experience frequent ear infections, one of the major treatable causes of hearing loss. Children with even mild hearing loss face many challenges. These children often experience speech and language delays and have trouble in school. Teens with hearing loss are more likely to drop out of school, and are at risk for having difficulty finding jobs as adults. Promptly diagnosing and treating hearing loss is important for preventing these consequences. Alaska mandates school-based hearing screening, but many children with hearing loss are not identified by the current screening protocol, and most who are referred never make it into the healthcare system for diagnosis and treatment.

Alaska has already developed innovative strategies to address hearing loss. A network of village health clinics staffed by community health aides provide local care, and telemedicine has been adopted in over 250 village clinics statewide. Despite being widely available, telemedicine has not yet been used in school hearing screenings to speed up the referral process.

Norton Sound Health Corporation has partnered with Duke and Johns Hopkins Universities to explore whether a new school screening and referral process that incorporates mobile, or mHealth, screening and telemedicine referral will reduce childhood hearing loss disparities in the Norton Sound region. Children from kindergarten through 12th grade in 15 Norton Sound villages will receive the current school screening protocol and the new mHealth screen. Villages will then be randomized to continue the current primary care referral process or to adopt telemedicine referral for school screenings. The investigators hypothesize that the new mHealth screening protocol will identify more children with hearing loss, and telemedicine referral will reduce time to diagnosis. By better identifying hearing loss and speeding up diagnosis and treatment, the investigators expect the burden of childhood hearing loss to drop, hearing-related quality of life to improve, and school performance to improve in villages with telemedicine referral compared to current primary care referral villages. If the study shows these positive effects, mHealth screening and the telemedicine referral process could be implemented in school districts across the state of Alaska to reducing childhood hearing loss disparities statewide.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Hearing Loss

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
The randomization assignments will be kept confidential within the study team until hearing screening day, when masking the referral process assignment will no longer be possible. All outcome assessors, including audiologists and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons reading telemedicine consults within the Alaska Native healthcare system and study team members performing medical record abstraction, will be masked to intervention allocation. Study team members who read telemedicine consults as a part of their clinical responsibilities will abstain from reading any study-related consults. The results of the school screen, mHealth screen, and audiometric assessments will also be masked, such that study team members performing the mHealth screen or audiometric assessment will be masked to the other results.

Study Groups

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Current Primary Care Referral Process

In villages randomized to the current primary care process, families will be notified if their children screen positive in exactly the same method each school had been using previously. This process involves a letter home to the parents, either sent with the child or by mail, requesting that the parent/caregiver bring the child to village health clinic for an evaluation. The list of referred children is also given to the Norton Sound Audiology Department, who reaches out to families to schedule appointments during the next available audiology clinic.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Current Primary Care Referral Process

Intervention Type OTHER

Children who screen positive for hearing loss will receive the same method each school had been using previously. This process involves a letter home to the parents, either sent with the child or by mail, requesting that the parent/caregiver bring the child to village health clinic for an evaluation.

Expedited Telemedicine Referral

In villages randomized to the expedited telemedicine intervention, parents of children who screen positive will receive a phone call from the school or the clinic on the day of screening notifying them of the day and time of their child's telemedicine consultation appointment. Appointments will be made same-day or next-day, with community health aides (CHAs) who have dedicated time blocked off to perform telemedicine consults. Participating children screening positive will be transported to clinic for their appointment with adult chaperones. Parents are encouraged but not required to attend, except for children grades 2 and younger, for whom parental participation will be required. Nonparticipating children in communities assigned to the expedited telemedicine intervention arm will receive standard referral following the current school primary care referral process.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Telemedicine Referral Process

Intervention Type OTHER

In villages randomized to the expedited telemedicine intervention, parents of children who screen positive will receive a phone call from the school or the clinic on the day of screening notifying them of the day and time of their child's telemedicine consultation appointment. Appointments will be made same-day or next-day, with community health aides (CHAs) who have dedicated time blocked off to perform telemedicine consults. Participating children screening positive will be transported to clinic for their appointment with adult chaperones. Parents are encouraged but not required to attend, except for children grades 2 and younger, for whom parental participation will be required. Nonparticipating children in communities assigned to the expedited telemedicine intervention arm will receive standard referral following the current school primary care referral process.

Interventions

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Current Primary Care Referral Process

Children who screen positive for hearing loss will receive the same method each school had been using previously. This process involves a letter home to the parents, either sent with the child or by mail, requesting that the parent/caregiver bring the child to village health clinic for an evaluation.

Intervention Type OTHER

Telemedicine Referral Process

In villages randomized to the expedited telemedicine intervention, parents of children who screen positive will receive a phone call from the school or the clinic on the day of screening notifying them of the day and time of their child's telemedicine consultation appointment. Appointments will be made same-day or next-day, with community health aides (CHAs) who have dedicated time blocked off to perform telemedicine consults. Participating children screening positive will be transported to clinic for their appointment with adult chaperones. Parents are encouraged but not required to attend, except for children grades 2 and younger, for whom parental participation will be required. Nonparticipating children in communities assigned to the expedited telemedicine intervention arm will receive standard referral following the current school primary care referral process.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Student of the Bering Strait School District (BSSD) in Alaska
* All school-aged children, from Kindergarten through 12th grade in the school district are eligible to participate
* Parental signed consent to undergo routine hearing screening in the school setting
* Verbal assent from children enrolled in the study

Exclusion Criteria

* Not a student of the Bering Strait School District
* Parental consent for routine hearing screening not obtained
* Verbal assent not obtained
Minimum Eligible Age

4 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Duke University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Johns Hopkins University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Norton Sound Health Corporation

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Samantha Kleindienst Robler, AuD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Norton Sound Health Corporation

Susan D Emmett, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Duke University

Locations

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Norton Sound Health Corporation

Nome, Alaska, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Jin FQ, Huang O, Kleindienst Robler S, Morton S, Platt A, Egger JR, Emmett SD, Palmeri ML. A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach to Identify Preventable Childhood Hearing Loss. Ear Hear. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;44(5):1262-1270. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001380. Epub 2023 Jun 15.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37318215 (View on PubMed)

Emmett SD, Platt A, Gallo JJ, Labrique AB, Wang NY, Inglis-Jenson M, Jenson CD, Hofstetter P, Hicks KL, Ross AA, Egger JR, Robler SK. Prevalence of Childhood Hearing Loss in Rural Alaska. Ear Hear. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;44(5):1240-1250. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001368. Epub 2023 Jun 8.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37287104 (View on PubMed)

Robler SK, Platt A, Jenson CD, Meade Inglis S, Hofstetter P, Ross AA, Wang NY, Labrique A, Gallo JJ, Egger JR, Emmett SD. Changing the Paradigm for School Hearing Screening Globally: Evaluation of Screening Protocols From Two Randomized Trials in Rural Alaska. Ear Hear. 2023 Jul-Aug 01;44(4):877-893. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001336. Epub 2023 Mar 13.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36907833 (View on PubMed)

Hicks KL, Robler SK, Simmons RA, Ross A, Egger JR, Emmett SD. Hearing-related quality of life in children and adolescents in rural Alaska. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2022 Dec 1;8(1):269-278. doi: 10.1002/lio2.973. eCollection 2023 Feb.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36846414 (View on PubMed)

Hicks KL, Robler SK, Platt A, Morton SN, Egger JR, Emmett SD. Environmental Factors for Hearing Loss and Middle Ear Disease in Alaska Native Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Cluster Randomized Trial. Ear Hear. 2023 Jan-Feb 01;44(1):2-9. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001265. Epub 2022 Aug 23.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35998103 (View on PubMed)

Marrone NL, Nieman CL, Coco L. Community-Based Participatory Research and Human-Centered Design Principles to Advance Hearing Health Equity. Ear Hear. 2022 Jul-Aug 01;43(Suppl 1):33S-44S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001183. Epub 2020 Jun 13.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35724253 (View on PubMed)

Emmett SD, Platt A, Turner EL, Gallo JJ, Labrique AB, Inglis SM, Jenson CD, Parnell HE, Wang NY, Hicks KL, Egger JR, Halpin PF, Yong M, Ballreich J, Robler SK. Mobile health school screening and telemedicine referral to improve access to specialty care in rural Alaska: a cluster- randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Jul;10(7):e1023-e1033. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00184-X.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35714630 (View on PubMed)

Robler SK, Inglis SM, Gallo JJ, Parnell HE, Ivanoff P, Ryan S, Jenson CD, Ross A, Labrique A, Wang NY, Emmett SD. Hearing Norton Sound: community involvement in the design of a mixed methods community randomized trial in 15 Alaska Native communities. Res Involv Engagem. 2020 Nov 3;6(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s40900-020-00235-0.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33292651 (View on PubMed)

Emmett SD, Robler SK, Wang NY, Labrique A, Gallo JJ, Hofstetter P. Hearing Norton Sound: a community randomised trial protocol to address childhood hearing loss in rural Alaska. BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 15;9(1):e023078. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023078.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 30782695 (View on PubMed)

Emmett SD, Robler SK, Gallo JJ, Wang NY, Labrique A, Hofstetter P. Hearing Norton Sound: mixed methods protocol of a community randomised trial to address childhood hearing loss in rural Alaska. BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 22;9(1):e023081. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023081.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 30674486 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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AD-1602-34751

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

AD-1602-34571

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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