Effectiveness of IV Vitamin C in Reducing Oxidative Stress Associated With Free Flap Surgery

NCT ID: NCT05327348

Last Updated: 2022-11-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

34 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-09-25

Study Completion Date

2023-07-31

Brief Summary

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Ischemia and reperfusion injury during free flap reconstructive surgery creates a state of increased oxidative stress that can adversely affect the flap outcomes. Ascorbic acid (AA) had been proven to have beneficial effect on end-organ protection and flap survival from ischemia-reperfusion injury via its antioxidant properties.

The investigators hypothesise that perioperative parenteral ascorbic acid treatment may reduce oxidative stress among participants undergoing free flap reconstructive surgery along with reduction in inflammatory markers, improved rate of flap viability and wound healing at both donor and recipient sites.

Detailed Description

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Temporary cessation of blood supply to the flap tissues from clamping of donor vascular pedicle (ischemia) followed by restoration of flap tissue perfusion (reperfusion) after micro-anastomosis are inevitable in any free flap surgery. In combination, the ischemia and reperfusion process during free flap tissue transfers induce a state of increased oxidative stress, which may lead to complications such as flap failure and non-healing wounds at either donor or recipient sites. The negative impacts of which include additional wounds from flap loss, higher costs and increased duration of hospital stay.

Previous studies had demonstrated the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid in end-organ protection against ischemia and reperfusion injury. In addition, parenteral ascorbic acid has been shown to be remarkably safe even at high dose in both clinical and nonclinical models. Nonetheless, the data on efficacy of ascorbic acid in free flap survival in human is very limited.

The aims of this prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study are to measure the extent of oxidative stress in participants undergoing free flap reconstructive surgery before and after administration of parenteral ascorbic acid; and to evaluate its efficacy on modulation of inflammation, flap viability and wound healing.

Eligible participants will be randomized to receive 1 gram of parenteral ascorbic acid and 0.9% normal saline (as placebo) 8 hourly for 7 days (from pre-operative day 2 until post-operative day 5). Blood sampling will be performed on day 0 (pre-operative), day 3 (post-operative day 1) and day 5 (post-operative day 3) of intravenous ascorbic acid or placebo infusion for measurement of i) oxidative stress biomarkers, including isoprostane level, gene expression of glutamate-cystein ligase (GCL) and total glutathione level) ii) inflammatory markers, including leucocytes count and gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1. Post-operative outcomes of free flap surgery, up to post-operative 14 days, including flap viability, wound healing at both donor and recipient sites and duration of ICU and hospital stay will be evaluated.

The investigators estimate that a total sample of 28 participants (14 on each arm) will be necessary for 80% power to detect a 33% oxidative stress reduction with medium effect size (0.5) at 5% level of significance (α) between treatment (intravenous ascorbic acid) and placebo group (0.9% normal saline). A total of 34 participants are required to account for 20% of dropouts.

Primary analysis of this study utilizes an intention-to-treat approach and includes all randomized participants undergoing elective free flap reconstructive surgery. The mean difference between the baseline (pre-operative) and post-operative oxidative stress and inflammatory levels will be analyzed and compared between the intravenous ascorbic acid and placebo group using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all normally distributed dataset whilst the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test is used, if otherwise. The effect size of such difference will be determined and compared. Subsequently, correlation between reduction of oxidative stress and post-operative flap outcomes in the intravenous ascorbic acid group will be evaluated. The secondary outcomes such as flap viability (percentage of flap necrosis), wound healing at both recipient and donor sites (percentage of wound dehiscence and percentage of skin graft failure to take/loss), duration of hospital and ICU stay and wound infection rate will be presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR) based on their normality distribution and are compared with Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.

Conditions

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Oxidative Stress Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

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Parenteral Ascorbic Acid

Intravenous ascorbic acid 1 gram 8 hourly (3 grams per day) for 7 days

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Intravenous Ascorbate

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous ascorbic acid 1 gram 8 hourly (3 grams per day) over 15 minutes for 7 days since pre-operative day 1 until post-operative day 5.

0.9% Normal Saline

Intravenous 0.9% normal saline 10 mL 8 hourly for 7 days

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Normal Saline 10 mL Injection

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous 0.9% normal saline 8 hourly bolus infusion over 15 minutes for 7 days since pre-operative day 1 until post-operative day 5.

Interventions

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Intravenous Ascorbate

Intravenous ascorbic acid 1 gram 8 hourly (3 grams per day) over 15 minutes for 7 days since pre-operative day 1 until post-operative day 5.

Intervention Type DRUG

Normal Saline 10 mL Injection

Intravenous 0.9% normal saline 8 hourly bolus infusion over 15 minutes for 7 days since pre-operative day 1 until post-operative day 5.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Ascorbic Acid Injection 0.9% Normal Saline

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\- Adults (age 18 years and older, male or female) who are planned for elective free flap reconstructive surgery.

Exclusion Criteria

* Hypersensitivity to vitamin C
* Oliguria (urine output \<400mL/day) or anuria (urine output \<100mL/day)
* Renal failure (serum creatinine level ≥175.0 %mol/L)
* Hemodialysis
* Renal calculi
* Thalassemia
* Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
* Unfit for surgery
* Pregnancy or lactating
* Hemochromatosis
* Hyperoxaluria
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Malaya

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Raymond Yii Shi Liang, MBBS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Malaya Medical Centre

Locations

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Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur, , Malaysia

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Malaya Medical Centre

Kuala Lumpur, , Malaysia

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Malaysia

Central Contacts

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Raymond Yii Shi Liang, MBBS

Role: CONTACT

+60379494422 ext. 2441

Alizan B Abdul Khalil, MBBS

Role: CONTACT

+60379494422 ext. 2441

Facility Contacts

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Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman, MD

Role: primary

+6097676894

Raymond Yii Shi Liang, MBBS

Role: backup

+60379494422 ext. 2441

Chai Siew Cheng, MD

Role: primary

+60326155555 ext. 1060/1059

Raymond Yii Shi Liang, MBBS

Role: backup

+60379494422 ext. 2441

Raymond Yii Shi Liang, MBBS

Role: primary

+60379494422 ext. 2441

Alizan B Abdul Khalil, MBBS

Role: backup

+60379494422 ext. 2441

References

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Ballestin A, Casado JG, Abellan E, Vela FJ, Alvarez V, Uson A, Lopez E, Marinaro F, Blazquez R, Sanchez-Margallo FM. Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 27;13(12):e0209624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209624. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30589864 (View on PubMed)

Schafer M, Werner S. Oxidative stress in normal and impaired wound repair. Pharmacol Res. 2008 Aug;58(2):165-71. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.06.004. Epub 2008 Jun 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18617006 (View on PubMed)

Siemionow M, Arslan E. Ischemia/reperfusion injury: a review in relation to free tissue transfers. Microsurgery. 2004;24(6):468-75. doi: 10.1002/micr.20060.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15378577 (View on PubMed)

Stepanovs J, Ozoliņa A, Rovīte V, Mamaja B, Vanags I. Factors Affecting the Risk of Free Flap Failure in Microvascular Surgery. Proc Latv Acad Sci Sect B Nat Exact, Appl Sci. 2016;70(6):356-364. doi:10.1515/prolas-2016-0039.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Tsai MS, Huang CH, Tsai CY, Chen HW, Lee HC, Cheng HJ, Hsu CY, Wang TD, Chang WT, Chen WJ. Ascorbic acid mitigates the myocardial injury after cardiac arrest and electrical shock. Intensive Care Med. 2011 Dec;37(12):2033-40. doi: 10.1007/s00134-011-2362-6. Epub 2011 Sep 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21953354 (View on PubMed)

Azari O, Kheirandish R, Azizi S, Farajli Abbasi M, Ghahramani Gareh Chaman S, Bidi M. Protective Effects of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and E Alone or in Combination against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat. Iran J Pathol. 2015 Fall;10(4):272-80.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26351497 (View on PubMed)

Lee WY, Lee JS, Lee SM. Protective effects of combined ischemic preconditioning and ascorbic acid on mitochondrial injury in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg Res. 2007 Sep;142(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.08.043. Epub 2007 Jun 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17559880 (View on PubMed)

Wang ZJ, Hu WK, Liu YY, Shi DM, Cheng WJ, Guo YH, Yang Q, Zhao YX, Zhou YJ. The effect of intravenous vitamin C infusion on periprocedural myocardial injury for patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Jan;30(1):96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.08.018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24365194 (View on PubMed)

Zaccaria A, Weinzweig N, Yoshitake M, Matsuda T, Cohen M. Vitamin C reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat epigastric island skin flap model. Ann Plast Surg. 1994 Dec;33(6):620-3. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199412000-00010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7880053 (View on PubMed)

Fowler AA 3rd, Syed AA, Knowlson S, Sculthorpe R, Farthing D, DeWilde C, Farthing CA, Larus TL, Martin E, Brophy DF, Gupta S; Medical Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Nursing; Fisher BJ, Natarajan R. Phase I safety trial of intravenous ascorbic acid in patients with severe sepsis. J Transl Med. 2014 Jan 31;12:32. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-32.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24484547 (View on PubMed)

Padayatty SJ, Sun AY, Chen Q, Espey MG, Drisko J, Levine M. Vitamin C: intravenous use by complementary and alternative medicine practitioners and adverse effects. PLoS One. 2010 Jul 7;5(7):e11414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011414.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20628650 (View on PubMed)

Stephenson CM, Levin RD, Spector T, Lis CG. Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 Jul;72(1):139-46. doi: 10.1007/s00280-013-2179-9. Epub 2013 May 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23670640 (View on PubMed)

Hoffer LJ, Robitaille L, Zakarian R, Melnychuk D, Kavan P, Agulnik J, Cohen V, Small D, Miller WH Jr. High-dose intravenous vitamin C combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: a phase I-II clinical trial. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 7;10(4):e0120228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120228. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25848948 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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PV042-2021

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

NMRR-21-1378-60482 (IIR)

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

USM/JEPeM/21070522

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

MECID No,UMMC: 202086-8956

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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