Covid-19 Messaging to Underserved Communities - 2nd Experiment

NCT ID: NCT04502056

Last Updated: 2021-07-27

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

20460 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-08-07

Study Completion Date

2020-09-06

Brief Summary

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The aim of the study is to build off results from our first experiment (NCT04371419) , and test whether messages that acknowledge racial injustice on behalf of institutions affect the retention of knowledge and movement of beliefs and behavior with respect to Covid-19. The investigators will also test the effect of concordance of providers and whether highlighting the unequal burden of the disease has additional effects on knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding covid-19. The sample will include African American and white adult Americans and oversample those with less than a college degree.

Detailed Description

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Recent data have shown that covid19 is disproportionately infecting and killing African Americans and Latinx people in the United States. Moreover, since our last experiment, the killing of George Floyd by Minnesota police has raised awareness of structural racism in the United States.

The aim of the study is to build off results from our first experiment (NCT04371419) , and test whether messages that acknowledge racial injustice on behalf of institutions affect the retention of knowledge and movement of beliefs and behavior with respect to Covid-19. The investigators will also test the effect of concordance of providers and whether highlighting the unequal burden of the disease has additional effects on knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding covid-19.The sample will include African American and white adult Americans and oversample those with less than a college degree.

Conditions

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Covid19

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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AMA RI - B- B - R

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

Racial Inequality Highlighted

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts

AMA RI - B - B - N

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

No Racial Inequality Highlighting

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted

AMA RI - W - W - R

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

Racial Inequality Highlighted

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

White Sender in Informational Videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

AMA RI - W - W - N

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

White Sender in Informational Videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

No Racial Inequality Highlighting

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted

AMA DP - B- B - R

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color .

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

Racial Inequality Highlighted

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

AMA DP - B- B - N

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

No Racial Inequality Highlighting

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted

AMA DP - W- W - R

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Racial Inequality Highlighted

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

White Sender in Informational Videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

AMA DP - W- W - N

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

White Sender in Informational Videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

No Racial Inequality Highlighting

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted

Control: AMA RI - B - B

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

Placebo videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown

Control: AMA RI - W - W

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

White Sender in Informational Videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

Placebo videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown

Control: AMA DP - B - B

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.

African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

Placebo videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown

Control: AMA DP - W - W

Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.

White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

White Sender in Informational Videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

Placebo videos

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown

Interventions

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Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

African American Sender Acknowledgement

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

African American Sender in Informational Videos.

Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Racial Inequality Highlighted

Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing

Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

White Sender in Acknowledgement

Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

White Sender in Informational Videos

Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

No Racial Inequality Highlighting

In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Placebo videos

Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* adults who self-identify as African American or white.
* an oversample of individuals with less than a college education
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Massachusetts General Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Stanford University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Yale University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Harvard University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Esther Duflo

Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics, MIT; Co-Director, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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JPAL North America

Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Torres C, Ogbu-Nwobodo L, Alsan M, Stanford FC, Banerjee A, Breza E, Chandrasekhar AG, Eichmeyer S, Karnani M, Loisel T, Goldsmith-Pinkham P, Olken BA, Vautrey PL, Warner E, Duflo E; COVID-19 Working Group. Effect of Physician-Delivered COVID-19 Public Health Messages and Messages Acknowledging Racial Inequity on Black and White Adults' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Related to COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 1;4(7):e2117115. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17115.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34259846 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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2029880

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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