Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
19554 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-04-29
2021-07-06
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Aim 1: To conduct systematic large scale text message outreach for vaccine delivery among a defined group of Penn Medicine in a way that advances equity.
Aim 2: To offer different scheduling workflows through text messaging that might increase uptake and reduce disparities.
Aim 3: To compare the equity and efficiency of different messages informed by behavioral science, including PCP endorsement, opt-out framing, and scarcity.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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1: Usual Care
Patients will receive a phone call to schedule their appointment from an Access Center representative. Access Center representatives will make up to 3 attempts to schedule an appointment with the patient. Patients randomized to this arm will not receive any text messaging.
Phone Call
The access center will call these patients to schedule their vaccine appointment. These patients will not receive text messaging.
2A: Call Back + Standard Msg
The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Opt-In (Call-Back)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. If patient agrees, the access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Standard Message
The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine.
2B: Call Back + Clinician Endorsement
The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Opt-In (Call-Back)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. If patient agrees, the access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Clinician Endorsement
The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination.
2C: Call Back + Scarcity
The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Scarcity
The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine.
Opt-In (Call-Back)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. If patient agrees, the access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2D: Call Back + Opt-Out Framing
The message will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-outWill include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Opt-Out Framing
This will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-out.
Opt-In (Call-Back)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. If patient agrees, the access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
3A: In-Bound Call + Standard Msg
The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Opt-in (In-Bound)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Standard Message
The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine.
3B: In-Bound Call + Clinician Endorsement
The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Opt-in (In-Bound)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Clinician Endorsement
The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination.
3C: In-Bound Call + Scarcity
The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Scarcity
The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine.
Opt-in (In-Bound)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3D: In-Bound Call + Opt-Out Framing
The message will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-out. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Opt-Out Framing
This will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-out.
Opt-in (In-Bound)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Interventions
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Scarcity
The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine.
Opt-Out Framing
This will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-out.
Phone Call
The access center will call these patients to schedule their vaccine appointment. These patients will not receive text messaging.
Opt-In (Call-Back)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. If patient agrees, the access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
Opt-in (In-Bound)
Messaging will include a prompt to agree to scheduling followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
Standard Message
The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine.
Clinician Endorsement
The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
16 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Shivan J Mehta
Principal Investigator
Principal Investigators
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Shivan Mehta, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Locations
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Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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References
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Mehta SJ, Mallozzi C, Shaw PA, Reitz C, McDonald C, Vandertuyn M, Balachandran M, Kopinsky M, Sevinc C, Johnson A, Ward R, Park SH, Snider CK, Rosin R, Asch DA. Effect of Text Messaging and Behavioral Interventions on COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2216649. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.16649.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
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848696
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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