Resistance Exercise or Vibration With HMB for Sarcopenia

NCT ID: NCT04028206

Last Updated: 2022-03-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

144 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-09-04

Study Completion Date

2023-07-29

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterised by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with a risk of adverse outcomes. In Hong Kong, the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people was 9%. According to a meta-analysis on the effect of sarcopenia on health outcomes in older people, sarcopenia significantly increased hazard ratios of falling by 3.23×, functional decline by 3.03× and fracture risk by up to 3.75×, thus making sarcopenia a major risk factor for fragility fractures.

Elastic-band exercise alone was shown to enhance skeletal muscle mass, performance and gait speed. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was shown to be effective in enhancing muscle strength, balancing ability and reducing fall risk. HMB supplementation is advantageous due to its simplicity in administration and found to be effective in maintaining total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, leg and arm lean masses.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of elastic-band exercise or vibration treatment in combination with HMB supplementation on the control of sarcopenia by a single-blinded randomized controlled study.

Community-dwelling older people failing the sarcopenia screening according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) will be recruited and randomized to (1) control, (2) Exercise + HMB or (3) LMHFV + HMB group by envelope drawing of computer-generated random numbers. Control group will be given promotional materials of sarcopenia and will not receive any intervention. The Exercise + HMB group will be instructed to take a thirty-minute home-based elastic band exercise practiced for 30 mins per day, 3 times per week for 3 months. The LMHFV + HMB group will be assigned to participating community centres and receive vibration treatment at 35Hz, 0.3g (peak to peak magnitude), displacement of \<0.1mm, for 20 min/day, at least 3 days/week for 3 months. Both HMB treatment groups will given 3.0 g/day for 3 months. Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and end-point of 3 months. Outcome assessor and statistician will be blinded to group allocation.

Muscle strength in the lower extremity will be the primary outcome. Muscle strength in the upper extremity, gait speed, muscle mass (based on AWGS definition), functional performance in terms of balancing ability and time-up-and-go test, quality of life by short-form 36 will be taken as secondary outcomes.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterised by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with a risk of adverse outcomes. In Hong Kong, the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people was 9%. According to a meta-analysis on the effect of sarcopenia on health outcomes in older people, sarcopenia significantly increased hazard ratios of falling by 3.23×, functional decline by 3.03× and fracture risk by up to 3.75×, thus making sarcopenia a major risk factor for fragility fracture.

A recent study reported a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 3-month intervention of elastic-band exercise alone has shown significant enhancement in skeletal muscle mass by a 0.7 kg gain and a better performance demonstrated by 0.14 m/s faster gait speed. This project targets to investigate the application of elastic-band exercise for older people to carry out at home for sarcopenia intervention.

Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has previously shown to be effective in enhancing muscle strength, balancing ability and reducing fall risk in a RCT involving 710 subjects. Community-dwelling older people treated at 35 Hz, 0.3 g and 20 minutes per day for 18-months showed reduced hazard ratio for fall or fracture (HR=0.56, 95% CI at 0.40-0.78, p=0.001), 2.46 kg increase in quadriceps strength (95% CI at 1.70-3.22, p\<0.001) and overall statistically significant improvements in balancing ability.

HMB supplementation is advantageous due to its simplicity in administration compared to various other schemes. In a RCT on the efficacy of HMB supplementation on 10-day bed-rested older adults aged 60-76, 3.0-g/day was found to be effective in maintaining total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, leg and arm lean masses with significant differences.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of elastic-band exercise or vibration treatment in combination with HMB supplementation on the control of sarcopenia by a single-blinded randomized controlled study.

Community-dwelling older people failing the sarcopenia screening according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) will be recruited and randomized to (1) control, (2) Exercise + HMB or (3) LMHFV + HMB group by envelope drawing of computer-generated random numbers. Control group will be given promotional materials of sarcopenia and will not receive any intervention. The Exercise + HMB group will be instructed to take a thirty minute home-based elastic band exercise practiced for 30 mins per day, 3 times per week for 3 months. The LMHFV + HMB group will be assigned to participating community centres and receive the vibration treatment at 35Hz, 0.3g (peak to peak magnitude), displacement of \<0.1mm, for 20 min/day, at least 3 days/week for 3 months. Both HMB treatment groups will given 3.0 g/day for 3 months. Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and end-point of 3 months. Outcome assessor and statistician will be blinded to group allocation.

Muscle strength in the lower extremity will be the primary outcome. Muscle strength in the upper extremity, gait speed, muscle mass (based on AWGS definition), functional performance in terms of balancing ability and time-up-and-go test, quality of life by short-form 36 will be taken as secondary outcomes.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Sarcopenia

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Control Group

No intervention on sarcopenic subjects screened (based on the AWGS definition).

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Exercise + HMB Group

Sarcopenic subjects on combined treatment of elastic-band exercise and HMB supplementation

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Hydroxymethylbutyrate

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Hydroxymethylbutyrate supplementation at 3.0 g/day with dietary advice.

Elastic-band Exercise

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Subjects enrolled in the elastic-band exercise group will be instructed with 1 session of group training (at baseline) and 1 follow-up home visit (at 4 weeks) including instructions on 5-10 min warm-up and cool-down routines, 30 min chair-based resistance exercises using Thera-Bands as previously reported with training to both upper and lower body muscle groups including both hand and knee extensor muscles. The subjects will be instructed to perform the instructed exercises 3 times per week, one hour after HMB intake, for 12 weeks. The elastic band strengths will be progressively increased from 1.3 kg to 2.1 kg (yellow to green) of tensional force as instructed by a qualified coach in our project team based on each subject's "multiple repetition maximum", where multiple repetition maximum is defined by reaching fatigue by 8 repetitions of stretching.

Vibration Treatment + HMB Group

Sarcopenic subjects on combined treatment of vibration treatment and HMB supplementation

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Hydroxymethylbutyrate

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Hydroxymethylbutyrate supplementation at 3.0 g/day with dietary advice.

Low-magnitude High Frequency Vibration (LMHFV)

Intervention Type DEVICE

Low-magnitude High Frequency Vibration is a non-invasive biophysical intervention which provides mechanical stimulation with no reported adverse effects. Our previous studies on bone showed that LMHFV can help boost the patients' bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle health.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Hydroxymethylbutyrate

Hydroxymethylbutyrate supplementation at 3.0 g/day with dietary advice.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Low-magnitude High Frequency Vibration (LMHFV)

Low-magnitude High Frequency Vibration is a non-invasive biophysical intervention which provides mechanical stimulation with no reported adverse effects. Our previous studies on bone showed that LMHFV can help boost the patients' bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle health.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Elastic-band Exercise

Subjects enrolled in the elastic-band exercise group will be instructed with 1 session of group training (at baseline) and 1 follow-up home visit (at 4 weeks) including instructions on 5-10 min warm-up and cool-down routines, 30 min chair-based resistance exercises using Thera-Bands as previously reported with training to both upper and lower body muscle groups including both hand and knee extensor muscles. The subjects will be instructed to perform the instructed exercises 3 times per week, one hour after HMB intake, for 12 weeks. The elastic band strengths will be progressively increased from 1.3 kg to 2.1 kg (yellow to green) of tensional force as instructed by a qualified coach in our project team based on each subject's "multiple repetition maximum", where multiple repetition maximum is defined by reaching fatigue by 8 repetitions of stretching.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Vibration treatment

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* 65 years old or above
* failing the sarcopenia screening based on the AWGS definition:

1. hand-grip strength (male at \<26 kg, female at \<18kg),
2. gait speed test (\<0.8m/s), and/or height-adjusted skeletal muscle mass by bio-impedance analysis (BIA, male at \<7kg/m\^2 and female at \<5.4kg/m\^2) defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height\^2.

Exclusion Criteria

* pathological bone diseases
* chronic inflammatory conditions known to affect muscle metabolism; including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis
* neurological conditions affecting normal gait
* dependent ambulatory capability
* subjects taking regular guided exercise programmes of more than three times per week
* subjects with cardiovascular concern such as with pace-maker in-situ or malignancy
* chair-bound or bed-bound subjects
* recovering from fractures/surgeries or with implants (affecting DXA scan)
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Chinese University of Hong Kong

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Prof CHOW Kwoon-ho, Simon

Research Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Evangelical Luthera Church Social Service - Hong Kong

Hong Kong, , Hong Kong

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Hong Kong

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Simon K.H. CHOW, PhD

Role: CONTACT

(852)3505-1559

Keith Y.K. CHENG

Role: CONTACT

(852)3505-2756

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Kam Lee Lam

Role: primary

31247633 ext. 852

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Stout JR, Smith-Ryan AE, Fukuda DH, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Hoffman JR, Wilson JM, Oliver JS, Mustad VA. Effect of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (CaHMB) with and without resistance training in men and women 65+yrs: a randomized, double-blind pilot trial. Exp Gerontol. 2013 Nov;48(11):1303-10. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.007. Epub 2013 Aug 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23981904 (View on PubMed)

Leung KS, Li CY, Tse YK, Choy TK, Leung PC, Hung VW, Chan SY, Leung AH, Cheung WH. Effects of 18-month low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on fall rate and fracture risks in 710 community elderly--a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Jun;25(6):1785-95. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2693-6. Epub 2014 Mar 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24676848 (View on PubMed)

Yu R, Wong M, Leung J, Lee J, Auyeung TW, Woo J. Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014 Feb;14 Suppl 1:15-28. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12220.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24450557 (View on PubMed)

Sayer AA. Sarcopenia. BMJ. 2010 Aug 10;341:c4097. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4097. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20699307 (View on PubMed)

Beaudart C, Zaaria M, Pasleau F, Reginster JY, Bruyere O. Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 17;12(1):e0169548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169548. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28095426 (View on PubMed)

Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chen LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, Lee JS, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Limpawattana P, Lin CS, Peng LN, Satake S, Suzuki T, Won CW, Wu CH, Wu SN, Zhang T, Zeng P, Akishita M, Arai H. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014 Feb;15(2):95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24461239 (View on PubMed)

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel JP, Rolland Y, Schneider SM, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Zamboni M; European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010 Jul;39(4):412-23. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034. Epub 2010 Apr 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20392703 (View on PubMed)

Zhu LY, Chan R, Kwok T, Cheng KC, Ha A, Woo J. Effects of exercise and nutrition supplementation in community-dwelling older Chinese people with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2019 Mar 1;48(2):220-228. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy179.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30462162 (View on PubMed)

Deutz NE, Pereira SL, Hays NP, Oliver JS, Edens NK, Evans CM, Wolfe RR. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass during 10 days of bed rest in older adults. Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct;32(5):704-12. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.011. Epub 2013 Mar 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23514626 (View on PubMed)

Chow SK, Chim YN, Cheng KY, Ho CY, Ho WT, Cheng KC, Wong RM, Cheung WH. Elastic-band resistance exercise or vibration treatment in combination with hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplement for management of sarcopenia in older people: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial in Hong Kong. BMJ Open. 2020 Jun 30;10(6):e034921. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034921.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 32606057 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp459.jsp?productCode=B1120105

2016 Population By-census. Thematic Report: Older Persons. Hong Kong.: Census and Statistics Department; 2018.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

CREC 2018.602

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.