Improving Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in the Neonatal ICU

NCT ID: NCT03079245

Last Updated: 2017-03-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

6184 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2009-05-01

Study Completion Date

2012-04-30

Brief Summary

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To determine if 3 randomly assigned bundles of stewardship interventions would reduce overall and inappropriate antimicrobial use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), a pre-post study was performed in 4 NICUs.

Detailed Description

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Antimicrobial stewardship can improve the safety and quality of healthcare, reduce antimicrobial resistance, and reduce healthcare costs. However, the optimal strategies for the NICU population are unknown and few studies have evaluated the impact of stewardship in this population. To determine if 3 randomly assigned bundles of stewardship interventions would reduce overall and inappropriate antimicrobial use in the NICU. The investigators hypothesized that the bundle using all three interdisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship strategies (education, computer decision support and prescriber audit and feedback) would more effectively reduce overall and inappropriate antimicrobial use compared to usual care. A pre-post intervention study (one baseline year without interventions - May 1, 2009 - April 30, 2010, followed by two years of interventions - May 1, 2010 - April 30, 2012) was performed in 4 academically affiliated, level III NICUs. The sites were randomly assigned to usual care, one intervention, two interventions, or three interventions.

Conditions

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Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

A pre-post intervention study followed by two years of use of randomly assigned interventions
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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NICU A - E+, CDS, and PAF

This site was assigned to three interventions, Education Plus (E+), Clinical Decision Support (CDS), and Prescriber Audit and Feedback (PAB).

Group Type OTHER

Education Plus (E+)

Intervention Type OTHER

Education Plus was an intervention developed by the study team based on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) 12 Step Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings. The study team provided Education Plus quarterly to prescribers at the three sites (NICU A, B, C) randomized to this intervention. Examples of topics presented were an overview of antimicrobial stewardship principles, epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), prevention of surgical site infections, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pharmacokinetic principles. Educational formats included didactic lectures, participation via the audience response system, case vignettes, and panel discussions.

Clinical Decision Support

Intervention Type OTHER

The CDS tool was an intervention developed in consultation with neonatologists and pediatric infectious disease physicians from NICU A and B. Algorithms for empiric and targeted antimicrobial therapy for common pathogens and common clinical scenarios using local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were developed. The CDS tool also provided additional components to facilitate antimicrobial prescribing, e.g., patient weight, day of life, previous culture results, antimicrobial orders, and selected laboratory results including white blood cell and platelet count, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and therapeutic drug levels. NICUs A and B also received E+

Prescriber Audit and Feedback

Intervention Type OTHER

The prescriber audit and feedback (PAF) intervention was developed by the study team which held focus groups with neonatologists at NICU A (the site randomized to this intervention) to determine the feedback parameters and feedback format as previously described. Neonatologists at NICU A were provided aggregated prescribing data bimonthly that described inappropriate use as described below and prolonged therapy (\>7 days) for culture-negative late onset sepsis. NICU A also received CDS and E+.

NICU B - E+ and CDS

This site was assigned to two interventions, Education Plus (E+) and Clinical Decision Support (CDS).

Group Type OTHER

Education Plus (E+)

Intervention Type OTHER

Education Plus was an intervention developed by the study team based on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) 12 Step Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings. The study team provided Education Plus quarterly to prescribers at the three sites (NICU A, B, C) randomized to this intervention. Examples of topics presented were an overview of antimicrobial stewardship principles, epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), prevention of surgical site infections, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pharmacokinetic principles. Educational formats included didactic lectures, participation via the audience response system, case vignettes, and panel discussions.

Clinical Decision Support

Intervention Type OTHER

The CDS tool was an intervention developed in consultation with neonatologists and pediatric infectious disease physicians from NICU A and B. Algorithms for empiric and targeted antimicrobial therapy for common pathogens and common clinical scenarios using local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were developed. The CDS tool also provided additional components to facilitate antimicrobial prescribing, e.g., patient weight, day of life, previous culture results, antimicrobial orders, and selected laboratory results including white blood cell and platelet count, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and therapeutic drug levels. NICUs A and B also received E+

NICU C - E+

This site was assigned to one intervention, Education Plus (E+).

Group Type OTHER

Education Plus (E+)

Intervention Type OTHER

Education Plus was an intervention developed by the study team based on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) 12 Step Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings. The study team provided Education Plus quarterly to prescribers at the three sites (NICU A, B, C) randomized to this intervention. Examples of topics presented were an overview of antimicrobial stewardship principles, epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), prevention of surgical site infections, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pharmacokinetic principles. Educational formats included didactic lectures, participation via the audience response system, case vignettes, and panel discussions.

NICU D - Usual Care

This site was not introduced to an interdisciplinary intervention.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Education Plus (E+)

Education Plus was an intervention developed by the study team based on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) 12 Step Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings. The study team provided Education Plus quarterly to prescribers at the three sites (NICU A, B, C) randomized to this intervention. Examples of topics presented were an overview of antimicrobial stewardship principles, epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), prevention of surgical site infections, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pharmacokinetic principles. Educational formats included didactic lectures, participation via the audience response system, case vignettes, and panel discussions.

Intervention Type OTHER

Clinical Decision Support

The CDS tool was an intervention developed in consultation with neonatologists and pediatric infectious disease physicians from NICU A and B. Algorithms for empiric and targeted antimicrobial therapy for common pathogens and common clinical scenarios using local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were developed. The CDS tool also provided additional components to facilitate antimicrobial prescribing, e.g., patient weight, day of life, previous culture results, antimicrobial orders, and selected laboratory results including white blood cell and platelet count, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and therapeutic drug levels. NICUs A and B also received E+

Intervention Type OTHER

Prescriber Audit and Feedback

The prescriber audit and feedback (PAF) intervention was developed by the study team which held focus groups with neonatologists at NICU A (the site randomized to this intervention) to determine the feedback parameters and feedback format as previously described. Neonatologists at NICU A were provided aggregated prescribing data bimonthly that described inappropriate use as described below and prolonged therapy (\>7 days) for culture-negative late onset sepsis. NICU A also received CDS and E+.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* infants admitted to study NICUs \<7 days of age who remained hospitalized 4 days or more days

Exclusion Criteria

* Infants admitted to study NICUs 7 days of age and older who were hospitalized less than 4 days
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Weill Medical College of Cornell University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Christiana Care Health Services

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Columbia University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Lisa Saiman

Professor of Pediatrics

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Lisa Saiman, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Columbia University

Locations

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Christiana Care Health Sciences

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

Site Status

Columbia University Medical Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Weill Cornell University Medical Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Larson EL, Patel SJ, Evans D, Saiman L. Feedback as a strategy to change behaviour: the devil is in the details. J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Apr;19(2):230-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01801.x. Epub 2011 Nov 29.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22128773 (View on PubMed)

Patel SJ, Saiman L, Duchon JM, Evans D, Ferng YH, Larson E. Development of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention using a model of actionable feedback. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2012;2012:150367. doi: 10.1155/2012/150367. Epub 2012 Feb 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22500166 (View on PubMed)

Hum RS, Cato K, Sheehan B, Patel S, Duchon J, DeLaMora P, Ferng YH, Graham P, Vawdrey DK, Perlman J, Larson E, Saiman L. Developing clinical decision support within a commercial electronic health record system to improve antimicrobial prescribing in the neonatal ICU. Appl Clin Inform. 2014 Apr 9;5(2):368-87. doi: 10.4338/ACI-2013-09-RA-0069. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25024755 (View on PubMed)

Prasad PA, Wong-McLoughlin J, Patel S, Coffin SE, Zaoutis TE, Perlman J, DeLaMora P, Alba L, Ferng YH, Saiman L. Surgical site infections in a longitudinal cohort of neonatal intensive care unit patients. J Perinatol. 2016 Apr;36(4):300-5. doi: 10.1038/jp.2015.191. Epub 2015 Dec 10.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26658124 (View on PubMed)

Patel SJ, Green N, Clock SA, Paul DA, Perlman JM, Zaoutis T, Ferng YH, Alba L, Jia H, Larson EL, Saiman L. Gram-Negative Bacilli in Infants Hospitalized in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017 Sep 1;6(3):227-230. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piw032.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27302327 (View on PubMed)

Clock SA, Ferng YH, Tabibi S, Alba L, Patel SJ, Jia H, DeLaMora P, Perlman JM, Paul DA, Zaoutis T, Larson EL, Saiman L. Colonization With Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017 Sep 1;6(3):219-226. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piw014.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27021036 (View on PubMed)

Ferng YH, Clock SA, Wong-Mcloughlin J, DeLaMora PA, Perlman JM, Gray KS, Paul DA, Prasad PA, Zaoutis TE, Alba LR, Whittier S, Larson EL, Saiman L. Multicenter Study of Hand Carriage of Potential Pathogens by Neonatal ICU Healthcare Personnel. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015 Sep;4(3):276-9. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piu022. Epub 2014 Mar 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26336605 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1R01NR010821-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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1R21NR010823-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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AAAC6366

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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