The Impact of Familiarity and Emotional Attachment on the Visual Processing of Faces

NCT ID: NCT00001913

Last Updated: 2008-03-04

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 80 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 1998-10-31
• Study Completion Date: 2003-10-31

Brief Summary

This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to look at brain activity while patients view pictures of people's faces that they are familiar with or have emotional attachment to.

The functional MRI (fMRI) procedure allows researchers to "see the brain at work." It uses the same powerful magnetic fields and weak electromagnetic radiation (radiowaves) as standard structural MRI. However, functional MRI can also show areas of increased blood flow, which relates to increased activity by brain cells.

This research study builds on previous studies that identified specific areas of the brain that are activated by visual stimuli showing faces. However, previous research used anonymous faces as stimuli. This study will use faces of individuals known to the patient.

There are three experiments that will be conducted in the study;

1. Experiment 1 will attempt to determine the effects of familiarity of the photographed face on brain activity patterns. Patients will view familiar faces, the faces of close friends and relatives, and the faces of famous people.

2. Experiment 2 will look at how maternal attachment affects the response to visual stimuli. Mothers will view pictures of their first born child, as well as those of familiar children to whom they are not related, unfamiliar children, and unfamiliar adults.

3. Experiment 3 will explore the effects of interpersonal attachment and loss on response to visual stimuli. In this experiment, bereaved spouses will view pictures of their deceased spouse, those of living family members, and those of unfamiliar people.

Detailed Description

This functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol uses a face recognition activation task to ascertain how brain activation patterns differ depending on the subject's familiarity with, and emotional attachment to, the person depicted in the visual stimulus. In a series of studies, subjects will view unfamiliar and familiar (including personally familiar and famous) faces; mothers will view pictures of their own child and those of familiar and unfamiliar children; and bereaved and non-bereaved spouses will view pictures of their spouse, other family members, and unfamiliar people. The use of emotionally significant faces as activation stimuli may help to elucidate the neural circuitry underlying interpersonal attachment and psychological responses to loss.

Conditions

Bereavement; Healthy

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Subjects will be recruited through advertisements within Bethesda and surrounding communities.

All subjects must be right-handed.

For experiments #1 and 2, subjects will be 20-40 years old.

For study #3, subjects will be 45-75 years old.

For experiment #2, all subjects will be mothers with a non-adopted child aged 6-12 years old.

For experiment #3, subjects in the bereaved group will have become spousally bereaved within the past 6 months.

Exclusion Criteria

Subjects will be excluded if they have a history of significant medical disorders (including learning disabilities, seizures, history of head trauma, hypertension, or cerebrovascular disease) or psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse. (An exception to this is that bereaved subjects in experiment #3 will not be excluded if they meet DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (non-psychotic), adjustment disorder with depressed mood, or bereavement, as long as their current Hamilton-D score is less than 13).

Subjects will also be excluded if they take any prescribed medications (including birth control pills), if they are pregnant, or if their vision is inadequate to see the visual stimulus.

In addition, subjects in experiment #2 will receive a DICA-P (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, Parent Version), and will be excluded if their child meets diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric illness.

• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

Locations

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Countries

United States

References

Baker SC, Frith CD, Dolan RJ. The interaction between mood and cognitive function studied with PET. Psychol Med. 1997 May;27(3):565-78. doi: 10.1017/s0033291797004856.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9153677 (View on PubMed)

Belliveau JW, Kennedy DN Jr, McKinstry RC, Buchbinder BR, Weisskoff RM, Cohen MS, Vevea JM, Brady TJ, Rosen BR. Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):716-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1948051.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 1948051 (View on PubMed)

Bench CJ, Friston KJ, Brown RG, Scott LC, Frackowiak RS, Dolan RJ. The anatomy of melancholia--focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression. Psychol Med. 1992 Aug;22(3):607-15. doi: 10.1017/s003329170003806x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 1410086 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

99-M-0008

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

990008

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id