Effects of Post-Match Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Passive Rest on Acute Cardiac-Autonomic, Hemodynamic, and Neuromuscular Recovery in National Wrestlers
NCT ID: NCT07305506
Last Updated: 2025-12-26
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
16 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-01-09
2024-02-25
Brief Summary
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Sixteen national-level wrestlers will take part in the study. Each participant will complete all three recovery methods on different days. Before and after each match and recovery session, researchers will measure heart activity, blood pressure, and jump performance. Heart activity is measured through heart rate variability, which shows how well the body's nervous system responds to stress.
The purpose of this study is to find out which recovery method helps the body return to normal faster. The results may help athletes and coaches choose the best recovery strategy during competitions.
Detailed Description
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The study uses a randomized controlled crossover design in which each participant completes all three recovery protocols on separate days. Following a standardized warm-up and a maximal 2×3-min wrestling match, participants perform one of the three 9-min recovery interventions. FR and SS target the same major muscle groups of the lower limbs and upper posterior chain. PR consists of lying supine without movement. Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance are assessed at four time points: pre-match, immediately post-match, immediately post-recovery, and 10 minutes post-recovery.
HRV is recorded using a validated chest-strap heart rate monitor and analyzed with Kubios HRV software to obtain Mean-RR, RMSSD, and SDNN as indicators of cardiac-autonomic modulation. Hemodynamic recovery is evaluated through automated brachial systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure measurements. Neuromuscular recovery is assessed through CMJ height and estimated peak power using an Optojump system and the Sayers equation. All measurements are performed under controlled environmental conditions and standardized protocols.
The study includes national-level freestyle wrestlers with at least five years of competitive experience and no recent injuries or cardiovascular contraindications. A priori power analysis determined that 16 participants provide adequate power (\>80%) to detect meaningful differences. All participants complete familiarization before the experimental visits, and all match and recovery protocols follow official wrestling competition procedures.
The primary purpose of this study is to compare whether FR or SS can enhance cardiac-autonomic or hemodynamic recovery relative to PR without compromising neuromuscular performance. Secondary aims include identifying whether either modality facilitates parasympathetic reactivation or BP normalization during the first 10 minutes following completion of the recovery protocol. The findings may inform coaches, sport scientists, and athletes about the practicality and acute effectiveness of common recovery practices used during wrestling tournaments.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
NONE
Study Groups
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Foam Rolling
Participants perform the 9-minute foam rolling recovery protocol immediately after the simulated match.
Foam Rolling
Participants perform a 9-minute foam rolling protocol immediately after the simulated match. Six bilateral muscle groups are targeted: calves, shins, hamstrings, quadriceps, gluteals, and upper back. Each exercise consists of 2 × 30-second rolling per limb, with 30 seconds of rest between exercises and sets. Movements are performed at a metronome-controlled pace (2 seconds up, 2 seconds down). A high-density foam roller (6 × 36 in) is used, and a researcher provides technique supervision throughout.
Static Stretching
Participants perform the 9-minute static stretching recovery protocol immediately after the simulated match.
Static Stretching
Participants perform a 9-minute static stretching routine targeting the same muscle groups as the foam rolling protocol. Each stretch consists of 2 × 30-second holds per limb, with 30 seconds of rest between exercises and sets. Stretches are performed to the point of mild discomfort but without pain. No partner assistance is used, and a researcher supervises to ensure correct technique.
Passive Rest
Participants rest supine for 9 minutes immediately after the simulated match; this serves as a control comparator.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Foam Rolling
Participants perform a 9-minute foam rolling protocol immediately after the simulated match. Six bilateral muscle groups are targeted: calves, shins, hamstrings, quadriceps, gluteals, and upper back. Each exercise consists of 2 × 30-second rolling per limb, with 30 seconds of rest between exercises and sets. Movements are performed at a metronome-controlled pace (2 seconds up, 2 seconds down). A high-density foam roller (6 × 36 in) is used, and a researcher provides technique supervision throughout.
Static Stretching
Participants perform a 9-minute static stretching routine targeting the same muscle groups as the foam rolling protocol. Each stretch consists of 2 × 30-second holds per limb, with 30 seconds of rest between exercises and sets. Stretches are performed to the point of mild discomfort but without pain. No partner assistance is used, and a researcher supervises to ensure correct technique.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* holding an active wrestling license for at least 5 years
* possessing at least a C-level National Athlete Certificate (having represented Turkey in at least one international senior wrestling tournament organized by United World Wrestling),
* having trained regularly for the last 12 months,
* having had no injuries in the past 12 months.
Exclusion Criteria
* using medications or substances affecting the respiratory or cardiovascular system
* using ergogenic dietary supplements (e.g., creatine, caffeine)
* having a resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg
18 Years
24 Years
MALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Ali Kamil GÜNGÖR
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Ali Kamil GÜNGÖR
PhD
Principal Investigators
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Ali Kamil Güngör, Phd
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Uludağ university
Locations
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Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
Bursa, Bursa, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Laborde S, Wanders J, Mosley E, Javelle F. Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2024 Jan;44(1):14-35. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12855. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
D'Amico A, Gillis J, McCarthy K, Leftin J, Molloy M, Heim H, Burke C. FOAM ROLLING AND INDICES OF AUTONOMIC RECOVERY FOLLOWING EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 May;15(3):429-440.
Behm DG, Chaouachi A. A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Nov;111(11):2633-51. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1879-2. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Behm DG, Blazevich AJ, Kay AD, McHugh M. Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jan;41(1):1-11. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0235. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Healey KC, Hatfield DL, Blanpied P, Dorfman LR, Riebe D. The effects of myofascial release with foam rolling on performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):61-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182956569.
Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, Jones DW, Kurtz T, Sheps SG, Roccella EJ. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation. 2005 Feb 8;111(5):697-716. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000154900.76284.F6.
Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996 Mar 1;93(5):1043-65. No abstract available.
Other Identifiers
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approval code: 2023-21/18
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
BUU-WRESTLING-RECOVERY-2025
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id