Comparison of Outcomes and Surgical Time Between Cortical and Medullary Suture vs. Medullary-Only Suture: Cortex Clinical Trial

NCT ID: NCT07190638

Last Updated: 2025-09-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-07-23

Study Completion Date

2027-05-31

Brief Summary

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Renal function preservation is a growing concern in the surgical management of kidney tumors, particularly with the rise in chronic kidney disease worldwide. Recent surgical innovations have focused on modifying renorrhaphy techniques to minimize renal damage. Emerging evidence suggests that omitting cortical suturing may reduce operative time, blood loss, and renal parenchymal loss without increasing major complications. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare outcomes between medullary-only and combined cortical-medullary suture techniques during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, with the goal of identifying the approach that best balances functional preservation and surgical safety.

Detailed Description

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To investigate the clinical impact of a potentially modifiable surgical variable, namely, the choice of suture technique during renal reconstruction, on patient outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

The preservation of renal function has become a central concern in the surgical management of renal tumors, especially given the long-term consequences of chronic kidney disease on patient morbidity and mortality. Partial nephrectomy is preferred for localized renal masses as it allows for oncologic control while maintaining renal function. Traditionally, renorrhaphy involves a two-layer closure including both medullary and cortical sutures. However, recent literature suggests that omitting the cortical suture may reduce renal parenchymal volume loss and warm ischemia time, while possibly introducing a higher rate of minor complications.

Despite growing interest in minimally invasive nephron-sparing techniques, robust prospective and randomized trials directly comparing single-layer (medullary-only) and double-layer (cortical and medullary) renorrhaphy remain scarce. The single-layer technique, first proposed to address concerns over unnecessary cortical compression and ischemic injury, is gaining attention for its simplicity and potential advantages in reducing blood loss and operative time.

This trial aims to evaluate whether avoiding cortical suturing during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy leads to improved postoperative renal function, reduced blood loss, and shorter surgical duration. Patients will be randomly assigned to undergo either medullary-only renorrhaphy or the conventional dual-layer approach. Both techniques will be assessed for their effect on warm ischemia time, complication rates, renal volume loss, and surgical efficiency.

The study will enroll 80 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for renal masses, distributed evenly across the two intervention groups. This sample size was calculated to ensure statistical power to detect differences in estimated blood loss, the primary outcome. A broad range of secondary outcomes will be measured at multiple postoperative time points, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal volume, incidence of surgical complications, and quality of life indicators.

By employing a randomized, prospective, and blinded design, the trial seeks to minimize bias and deliver high-quality evidence to guide future surgical decision-making. Ultimately, the study aims to clarify whether cortical renorrhaphy can be safely omitted without compromising patient outcomes, potentially simplifying surgical technique and improving recovery profiles in this patient population.

Conditions

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RCC, Renal Cell Cancer

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The first group will undergo medullary-only suturing (single-layer) using 3-0 diameter synthetic absorbable monofilament poliglecaprone 25 suture (Caprofyl™), with early unclamping performed robotically. In the second group, both medullary and cortical suturing (two-layer) will be performed, using 3-0 Caprofyl™ for the medullary suture and, after early unclamping, 0-diameter braided synthetic absorbable polyglycolic suture (Vicryl™) for the cortical layer, also robotically assisted.

If the surgeon deems it necessary to perform a second suture using Vicryl™ 0 in the first group after unclamping, it will be carried out, and the surgeon's reasoning will be documented. These patients will be analyzed separately in order to identify predictive factors for such a change.

Hemostatic agents will be used in all groups.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
The blinding protocol will include the patient, the physician responsible for patient selection, the physician overseeing postoperative care, the professional conducting follow-up consultations, the students involved in collecting clinical follow-up data, and the team responsible for statistical analysis. However, the surgical team and the operating surgeon will not be blinded, nor will the students responsible for collecting intraoperative data.

Study Groups

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Medullary-only suturing (single-layer)

After partial nephrectomy, only the medullary layer is sutured using a running 3-0 synthetic absorbable monofilament suture (Caproyl™). The cortical layer is not sutured. Hemostatic agents, such as Bleed Stp Plus, Surgicel® Fibrillar, or Hemopatch®, may be applied to support hemostasis.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Medullary-only suturing (single-layer)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Only the base layer (medulla) is sutured after tumor excision, Cortical suturing is omitted. Hemostatic agents are applied.

Suture

Intervention Type DEVICE

Synthetic absorbable monofilament suture (Caproyl™ 3-0).

Hemostatic Agent

Intervention Type DEVICE

Hemostatic agents (e.g., Bleed Stp Plus, Surgicel® Fibrillar, Hemopatch®).

Medullary and cortical suturing (two-layer)

After partial nephrectomy, both the medullary and cortical layers are sutured. The medullary layer is closed with a running 3-0 Caproyl™ suture before unclamping. Then, the cortical layer is sutured with 0 Vicryl™ using a running technique. Hemostatic agents, such as Bleed Stp Plus, Surgicel® Fibrillar, or Hemopatch®, may be applied to assist in bleeding control.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Medullary and cortical suturing (two-layer)

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Both medullary and cortical layers are sutured after tumor excision, Performed with robotic assistance using absorbable sutures. Hemostatic agents are applied

Suture

Intervention Type DEVICE

Synthetic absorbable monofilament suture (Caproyl™ 3-0), absorbable braided suture (Vicryl™ 0)

Hemostatic Agent

Intervention Type DEVICE

Hemostatic agents (e.g., Bleed Stp Plus, Surgicel® Fibrillar, Hemopatch®).

Interventions

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Medullary-only suturing (single-layer)

Only the base layer (medulla) is sutured after tumor excision, Cortical suturing is omitted. Hemostatic agents are applied.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Suture

Synthetic absorbable monofilament suture (Caproyl™ 3-0).

Intervention Type DEVICE

Medullary and cortical suturing (two-layer)

Both medullary and cortical layers are sutured after tumor excision, Performed with robotic assistance using absorbable sutures. Hemostatic agents are applied

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Suture

Synthetic absorbable monofilament suture (Caproyl™ 3-0), absorbable braided suture (Vicryl™ 0)

Intervention Type DEVICE

Hemostatic Agent

Hemostatic agents (e.g., Bleed Stp Plus, Surgicel® Fibrillar, Hemopatch®).

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

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Single-layer renorrhaphy double-layer renorrhaphy

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis of renal mass confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
* Indication for partial nephrectomy
* Written informed consent
* Expected survival of at least 6 months
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score performance status ≤ 1
* Negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 24 hours before surgery for women of childbearing potential
* Recovery from any prior therapy-related toxicity to grade 1 or better
* If a biopsy has been performed, pathology consistent with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Exclusion Criteria

* Solitary kidney
* Multiple or bilateral renal masses if more than one mass is operated on simultaneously or within less than 4 months
* Hepatic or renal toxicity grade ≥ 2 with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \< 30 according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4)
* Bleeding diathesis
* Inability to maintain anticoagulation for surgery
* Participation in another experimental trial simultaneously or within 30 days prior to enrollment
* Significant acute or chronic medical, neurological, or psychiatric condition that could compromise safety, limit study completion, or impair study objectives in the opinion of the Principal Investigator
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Brazilian Institute of Robotic Surgery

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Nilo J Leão, MD.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Brazilian Institute of Robotic Surgery

Locations

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Hospital MaterDei Salvador

Salvador, Estado de Bahia, Brazil

Site Status RECRUITING

Brazilian Institute of Robotic Surgery

Salvador, Estado de Bahia, Brazil

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Brazil

Central Contacts

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Nilo J Leão, MD.

Role: CONTACT

+55 71 2626-3030

Felipe P Albuquerque, MD.

Role: CONTACT

+55 71 99733-3330

Facility Contacts

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Nilo J Leão, MD.

Role: primary

+55 (71) 3401-7129 ext. 7129

NILO J Leão, MD

Role: primary

+55 71 2626-3030

References

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Williams RD, Snowden C, Frank R, Thiel DD. Has Sliding-Clip Renorrhaphy Eliminated the Need for Collecting System Repair During Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy? J Endourol. 2017 Mar;31(3):289-294. doi: 10.1089/end.2016.0562. Epub 2017 Jan 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27960537 (View on PubMed)

Arora S, Bronkema C, Porter JR, Mottrie A, Dasgupta P, Challacombe B, Rha KH, Ahlawat RK, Capitanio U, Yuvaraja TB, Rawal S, Moon DA, Sivaraman A, Maes KK, Porpiglia F, Gautam G, Turkeri L, Bhandari M, Jeong W, Menon M, Rogers CG, Abdollah F. Omission of Cortical Renorrhaphy During Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: A Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative Database Analysis. Urology. 2020 Dec;146:125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.09.003. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32941944 (View on PubMed)

Alrishan Alzouebi I, Williams A, Thiagarjan NR, Kumar M. Omitting Cortical Renorrhaphy in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Is it Safe? A Single Center Large Case Series. J Endourol. 2020 Aug;34(8):840-846. doi: 10.1089/end.2020.0121.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32316759 (View on PubMed)

Bahler CD, Dube HT, Flynn KJ, Garg S, Monn MF, Gutwein LG, Mellon MJ, Foster RS, Cheng L, Sandrasegaran MK, Sundaram CP. Feasibility of omitting cortical renorrhaphy during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a matched analysis. J Endourol. 2015 May;29(5):548-55. doi: 10.1089/end.2014.0763. Epub 2015 Mar 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25616087 (View on PubMed)

Kazama A, Attawettayanon W, Munoz-Lopez C, Rathi N, Lewis K, Maina E, Campbell RA, Lone Z, Boumitri M, Kaouk J, Haber GP, Haywood S, Almassi N, Weight C, Li J, Campbell SC. Parenchymal volume preservation during partial nephrectomy: improved methodology to assess impact and predictive factors. BJU Int. 2024 Aug;134(2):219-228. doi: 10.1111/bju.16300. Epub 2024 Feb 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38355293 (View on PubMed)

Hung AJ, Cai J, Simmons MN, Gill IS. "Trifecta" in partial nephrectomy. J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.042. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23164381 (View on PubMed)

Ruiz Guerrero E, Claro AVO, Ledo Cepero MJ, Soto Delgado M, Alvarez-Ossorio Fernandez JL. Robotic versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy in the New Era: Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Mar 16;15(6):1793. doi: 10.3390/cancers15061793.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36980679 (View on PubMed)

Young M, Jackson-Spence F, Beltran L, Day E, Suarez C, Bex A, Powles T, Szabados B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2024 Aug 3;404(10451):476-491. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00917-6. Epub 2024 Jul 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39033764 (View on PubMed)

Shatagopam K, Bahler CD, Sundaram CP. Renorrhaphy techniques and effect on renal function with robotic partial nephrectomy. World J Urol. 2020 May;38(5):1109-1112. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-03033-w. Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31792576 (View on PubMed)

Rose TL, Kim WY. Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review. JAMA. 2024 Sep 24;332(12):1001-1010. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.12848.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39196544 (View on PubMed)

Makino T, Kadomoto S, Izumi K, Mizokami A. Epidemiology and Prevention of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Aug 22;14(16):4059. doi: 10.3390/cancers14164059.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36011051 (View on PubMed)

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 May-Jun;74(3):229-263. doi: 10.3322/caac.21834. Epub 2024 Apr 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38572751 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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87015525.0.1001.5128

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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