Warm-Up Effects on Adolescent Goalkeepers' Performance

NCT ID: NCT07180667

Last Updated: 2025-09-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 15 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-03-01
• Study Completion Date: 2024-04-01

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effects of different warm-up protocols on performance outcomes in adolescent male football goalkeepers. Specifically, it investigates the impact of aerobic running, static stretching, dynamic stretching, and movement preparation on flexibility, explosive power, and dynamic balance.

Detailed Description

This randomized crossover study examined the acute effects of four 15-minute warm-up protocols-Aerobic Running (AR), Static Stretching (SS), Dynamic Stretching (DS), and Movement Preparation (MP)-on flexibility, explosive lower-limb power, and dynamic balance in 15 adolescent male football goalkeepers. Participants were licensed youth goalkeepers with consistent sleep, diet, and training routines. Warm-up order was randomized and both participants and administrators were blinded to the condition. Flexibility, power, and balance were assessed using the sit-and-reach test, standing long jump, and Y Balance Test, respectively, with the best of three trials recorded. Heart rate was monitored to maintain internal load at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum. All sessions were supervised by a certified sports scientist, and anthropometric data were collected prior to testing. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

Conditions

Healhty; Adolescent; Football; Warm-up

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Arm 1: Aerobic Running Warm-Up (AR)

Participants perform a 15-minute aerobic running protocol with heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes of light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

15-minute aerobic running protocol. Heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.

Arm 2: Static Stretching Warm-Up (SS)

Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscle groups (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds. Finishes with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

5 minutes light jogging followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscles (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds, finishing with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.

Arm 3: Dynamic Stretching Warm-Up (DS)

Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six lower-limb muscle groups over 10-15 meters with short rest between repetitions.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

5 minutes light jogging followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six muscle groups over 10-15 meters with brief rest between repetitions.

Arm 4: Movement Preparation Warm-Up (MP)

Participants perform a combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% maximum velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Description: Combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% max velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.

Interventions

Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up

15-minute aerobic running protocol. Heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up

5 minutes light jogging followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscles (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds, finishing with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up

5 minutes light jogging followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six muscle groups over 10-15 meters with brief rest between repetitions.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up

Description: Combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% max velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Biologically male football goalkeepers
• Aged 14-15 years
• Actively competing in youth leagues
• Minimum training experience of approximately 3-4 years
• Free from chronic diseases or musculoskeletal injuries that could affect physical performance
• Maintain regular sleep and dietary routines during the study period

Exclusion Criteria

• Current injuries
• Chronic health conditions
• Any physical limitations that could interfere with safe participation in warm-up protocols or performance testing

• Minimum Eligible Age: 14 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 15 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Uşak University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

bekir tokay

Instructor of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ph.D.

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Mustafa AKIL, Professor Dr.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Uşak University

Melek G. GUNGOR

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Uşak University

Mehmet Emin Yelken, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ilgaz Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports

Locations

Uşak University

Uşak, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

Uşak University

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

207-01-08

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id