Acute Impact of Static, Dynamic, and Proprioceptive Exercises on Proprioception, Strength, Balance, and Explosive Power

NCT ID: NCT07320027

Last Updated: 2026-01-06

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 48 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-08-08
• Study Completion Date: 2025-08-13

Brief Summary

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on proprioception, muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young athletes. The study aims to determine how different stretching and exercise modalities influence short-term performance parameters.

The primary questions this study aims to answer are:

Do static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises have different acute effects on proprioception?

Do these interventions cause different changes in muscle strength, balance, and explosive power?

Researchers will compare the static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercise groups to determine which method produces greater improvements in the measured performance parameters.

Participants will:

Perform one of the three assigned exercise protocols according to a standardized warm-up procedure

Undergo pre- and post-exercise assessments, including:

Proprioception (measured with an isokinetic device)

Muscle strength (measured with an isokinetic device)

Balance (measured with a Y balance test and BESS balance test)

Explosive power (measured with the Sargent Vertical Jump Test)

Detailed Description

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on knee joint position sense (proprioception), muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young male soccer players.

Proprioception, the ability to sense the position and movement of joints, muscles, and tendons, plays a critical role in maintaining joint stability. Proprioceptive exercises are widely used among athletes to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. Stretching exercises, particularly static and dynamic techniques, are commonly integrated into warm-up routines to improve flexibility, joint range of motion, and neuromuscular function. However, direct comparisons of the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises remain limited.

In this study, healthy male soccer players aged 14-19 years, with at least five years of competitive experience, no knee pain in the past two months, and no history of knee surgery, will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned (block randomization) into three groups:

Static Stretching Group - A controlled-position protocol targeting the quadriceps, hamstrings, plantar flexors, and dorsiflexors, with specific hold durations.

Dynamic Stretching Group - A repetitive movement protocol for the same muscle groups, with gradual speed increases.

Proprioceptive Exercise Group - A 10-exercise proprioceptive training program performed on a BOSU ball, focusing on lower-limb awareness, postural control, and dynamic balance.

All groups will perform a standardized 10-minute warm-up on a cycle ergometer before their respective protocols.

Assessments will be conducted before and immediately after the intervention:

Knee joint position sense (proprioception) - measured with an ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer

Muscle strength - isokinetic testing of knee flexors and extensors using the isokinetic device

Static balance - Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test

Dynamic balance - Y-Balance Test

Explosive power - Sargent Vertical Jump Test

The primary hypothesis is that proprioceptive exercises will produce greater acute improvements in proprioception, balance, and explosive power, while dynamic stretching may yield higher acute gains in muscle strength. Findings from this study are expected to inform evidence-based warm-up and training strategies for young soccer players.

Conditions

Neuromuscular Control; Balance; Musculoskeletal Function

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Proprioception group

The group that received proprioception exercises

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Proprioceptive Exercise Group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Proprioceptive Exercise Program

Dynamic tension group

The group that received dynamic stretching exercises

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Our exercise group where we applied the dynamic stretching protocol

Static tension group

The group that received static stretching exercises

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Static Stretching Exercise Group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Our exercise group where we applied the static stretching protocol

Interventions

Static Stretching Exercise Group

Our exercise group where we applied the static stretching protocol

Intervention Type: OTHER

Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group

Our exercise group where we applied the dynamic stretching protocol

Intervention Type: OTHER

Proprioceptive Exercise Group

Proprioceptive Exercise Program

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

SG; DG; PG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Playing football for at least 5 years.
• Not experiencing knee pain for the last 2 months.
• No history of knee surgery.
• Practicing for 90 minutes at least 5 days a week.
• Volunteering to participate in the study.
• Being between 14 and 19 years old.

Exclusion Criteria

• Having experienced knee pain for the last two months.
• Having had knee surgery.
• Not willing to participate.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 14 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 19 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Muhammet Talha DOĞAN

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Neslihan ALTUNTAŞ YILMAZ E Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Doctor

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Necmettin Erbakan University

Locations

Tümosan Konyaspor Facilities

Konya, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Stehouwer CD. [Hormonal supplements for postmenopausal women: no evidence of protection against cardiovascular disease]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2001 Jan 13;145(2):61-4. Dutch.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 11225257 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

22817

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id