Mirror Therapy and Action Observation Therapy on Upper Limb Sensory Motor Recovery and Quality of Life in Subacute Stroke Patients

NCT ID: NCT07078812

Last Updated: 2025-07-25

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 56 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-11-15
• Study Completion Date: 2025-07-08

Brief Summary

This clinical study is being conducted to compare the effects of two different rehabilitation techniques-Mirror Therapy and Action Observation Therapy (AOT)-on improving upper limb movement and quality of life in individuals who have recently experienced a stroke. Stroke survivors often face weakness and coordination problems in their arms and hands. Helping them regain motor function is crucial for performing everyday tasks like dressing, eating, and writing.

Mirror Therapy works by having patients perform movements while watching the reflection of their unaffected limb in a mirror, tricking the brain into believing both limbs are working. This may help activate brain regions responsible for motor control.

Action Observation Therapy, on the other hand, involves patients watching videos of someone else performing arm and hand movements. After observing, patients try to mimic the actions themselves. This method is based on the theory that watching and imitating movements can enhance brain recovery.

In this study, patients will be randomly assigned to either the Mirror Therapy group or the Action Observation Therapy group. Both groups will receive therapy over several weeks, along with routine stroke rehabilitation care. Researchers will assess each patient's progress using standard tools to measure arm strength, hand coordination, and overall quality of life.

This study aims to find out which therapy leads to better recovery and could become a recommended part of post-stroke rehabilitation programs.

Detailed Description

Background Stroke is a major cause of adult disability worldwide. One of the most disabling consequences is upper limb impairment, which reduces independence and daily functioning. Although traditional rehabilitation helps, recovery is often incomplete. Therefore, innovative, neuroplasticity-driven therapies like Mirror Therapy (MT) and Action Observation Therapy (AOT) are gaining interest.

MT relies on visual feedback from a mirror to create an illusion of movement in the affected limb, activating motor cortical areas. AOT involves observing purposeful movement followed by imitation, leveraging the brain's mirror neuron system to promote recovery.

While both therapies have shown individual effectiveness, few studies have directly compared them in subacute stroke-a critical recovery window. This study aims to address that gap, offering evidence to inform clinical practice.

Objectives

Primary Objective:

To compare the effects of MT and AOT on upper limb sensorimotor recovery in individuals with subacute stroke.

Secondary Objective:

To assess the impact of these therapies on stroke survivors' quality of life.

Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis (H₀):

There is no significant difference between MT and AOT in improving motor function or quality of life.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁):

There is a significant difference between the two interventions in enhancing motor recovery and life quality.

Study Design Type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Setting: Outpatient Neurological Rehabilitation Center

Duration: 6-week intervention

Sample Size: 40 participants (20 per group)

Randomization: Block randomization with concealed allocation

Blinding: Assessor-blinded

Assessment Points: Baseline, Week 3, Week 6

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Aged 40-70 years

First-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (diagnosed via imaging)

Stroke onset within 6 months (subacute phase)

Hemiparesis involving upper limb

MMSE score ≥ 24

Medically stable

Exclusion Criteria:

MAS score > 2 (severe spasticity)

Cardiac instability or other severe comorbidities

Visual impairments affecting mirror or screen-based tasks

History of upper limb orthopedic surgeries

Enrolled in other rehabilitation trials

Intervention Groups Group A: Mirror Therapy (MT) Participants will perform upper limb tasks while viewing the mirrored reflection of their unaffected limb for 30 minutes/session, 5 days/week for 6 weeks.

Group B: Action Observation Therapy (AOT) Participants will observe upper limb task videos (15 min) followed by 15 minutes of physical practice of the same tasks, 5 days/week for 6 weeks.

All participants will continue to receive standard rehabilitation care, including physiotherapy and occupational therapy.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome:

Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Upper Extremity (FMA-UE):

Evaluates upper limb motor control and coordination.

Secondary Outcomes:

Stroke Impact Scale (SIS):

Assesses quality of life across physical and emotional domains.

Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS):

Quantifies muscle spasticity.

Box and Block Test:

Measures gross manual dexterity.

Motor Activity Log (MAL):

Evaluates the functional use of the affected arm in daily tasks.

Assessments will be conducted at three time points: baseline, week 3, and week 6.

Conditions

Stroke

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Participants in this arm will undergo Mirror Therapy sessions targeting the affected upper limb. A mirror will be positioned along the patient's midline, reflecting movements of the non-paretic limb, creating the illusion of movement in the affected limb. Patients will perform bilateral symmetrical movements while observing the mirrored reflection for 30 minutes per session, 5 days per week, over a 6-week period. Standard stroke rehabilitation exercises will also be provided.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Mirror Therapy

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Mirror Therapy involves placing a mirror in the patient's midsagittal plane to reflect movements of the unaffected upper limb, creating a visual illusion of movement in the paretic limb. Patients perform bilateral symmetrical movements while focusing on the mirror reflection, helping to stimulate motor cortex activation and promote neuroplasticity. Sessions last 30 minutes, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks. This intervention is delivered in addition to standard stroke rehabilitation.

Action Observation Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Participants in this arm will receive Action Observation Therapy involving the observation of video clips demonstrating functional upper limb tasks, followed by physical practice of the same movements. Each session will consist of 15 minutes of video observation and 15 minutes of task execution, conducted 5 days per week for 6 weeks. This intervention will be supplemented by routine post-stroke rehabilitation exercises.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Action Observation Therapy

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Action Observation Therapy consists of observing video demonstrations of functional upper limb movements, followed by the patient imitating the observed actions. Each session includes 15 minutes of watching goal-directed tasks and 15 minutes of active execution. This therapy aims to activate the mirror neuron system and enhance motor recovery. The protocol is administered 5 days per week for 6 weeks and is combined with routine stroke rehabilitation practices.

Interventions

Mirror Therapy

Mirror Therapy involves placing a mirror in the patient's midsagittal plane to reflect movements of the unaffected upper limb, creating a visual illusion of movement in the paretic limb. Patients perform bilateral symmetrical movements while focusing on the mirror reflection, helping to stimulate motor cortex activation and promote neuroplasticity. Sessions last 30 minutes, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks. This intervention is delivered in addition to standard stroke rehabilitation.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Action Observation Therapy

Action Observation Therapy consists of observing video demonstrations of functional upper limb movements, followed by the patient imitating the observed actions. Each session includes 15 minutes of watching goal-directed tasks and 15 minutes of active execution. This therapy aims to activate the mirror neuron system and enhance motor recovery. The protocol is administered 5 days per week for 6 weeks and is combined with routine stroke rehabilitation practices.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age between 45 and 65 years (Tsai et al., 2012).
• Gender as either male or female (Tsai et al., 2012).
• Only subacute stroke patients will be included (Uyttenboogaart et al., 2005).
• A baseline Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score between 20 and 60 for upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer et al., 1975).
• The ability to follow study instructions, assessed using the Taiwan version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (Tsai et al., 2012), with scores below 26 indicating cognitive impairment, as patients scoring around 60 are considered to have near-normal cognitive function.
• The capability to participate in therapy and assessment sessions (Wang et al., 2011).
• Patient who have 1st onset of stroke ( 1st time stroke) (Hsieh et al., 2009).

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants having hamonomus hemianopia (Tsai et al., 2012).
• Other neurological conditions for example, parkinsons, alzehmiers, ADHD, autism, etc (Tsai et al., 2012).
• Participants having recurrent stroke history (Wang et al., 2011).
• Global or receptive aphasia (Banks and Marotta, 2007).
• Severe neglect (Duncan et al., 2003).
• Major medical problems or comorbidities that influenced UE usage or cause severe pain (Hsieh et al., 2009).

• Minimum Eligible Age: 45 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

University of Lahore

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Komal Mushtaq

Student

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital

Lahore, , Pakistan

Countries

Pakistan

Other Identifiers

UOL/IREB/25/09/0005

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id