Mirror Therapy Versus Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on Upper Limb Function

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-07-15

Study Completion Date

2020-01-15

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The objective of the study is to determine the effects of Mirror therapy on upper limb function in a post-stroke patient, To determine the effects of Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on upper limb function in a post-stroke patient and To compare the effects of Mirror therapy versus Repetitive Facilitation Exercise on upper limb function in the post-stroke patient. Study Design is Randomized control trial with a sample size of 50 participants. Sampling Technique used is Non-probability purposive assessor-blinded sampling technique and randomization through sealed envelope method Duration of study was 6 months.Study Setting of Railway general hospital. Inclusion criteria had Hemiparetic patient, Sub-acute and chronic stroke patients, First-ever stroke patient, Age: 40-60, Gender: both male and female, MMSE \>24, Modified Ashworth scale \<3, Stable patient (Good sitting balance ) and No visual-spatial hemineglect. Exclusion criteria of Unstable patient, Uncooperative patient, Orthopedic deformity, Aphasia, Visual infection and joint pain (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle)

Related Clinical Trials

Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.

Comparison of Goal Specific Functional Tasks With and Without Mirror Therapy

NCT04606641

Stroke

COMPLETED NA

Mirror Therapy vs Cross Education Non Paretic Limb Training on Strength and Hand Dexterity in Stroke Survivors.

NCT06059755

Hemiplegia and Hemiparesis

UNKNOWN NA

Effects of Strength Training of Non-paretic Upper and Lower Limb With or Without Mirror Therapy

NCT06292403

Stroke

NOT_YET_RECRUITING NA

Long Term Effects of Action Observation Therapy and Mirror Therapy on Upper Limb Functions

NCT06027125

Stroke

COMPLETED NA

Mirror Therapy and CIMT in Chronic Stroke Patients

NCT05053529

Stroke

COMPLETED NA

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Stroke is classically characterized as a neurological deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system by a vascular cause, including cerebral infarction, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, and is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Stroke, the sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is lost by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain, is also a leading cause of dementia and depression. Stroke kills about 140,000 Americans each year that's 1 out of every 20 deaths. In Pakistan, the stroke incidence of 95 per 100,000 persons per year for the following Years 2000 to 2016, with the highest incidence being 584,000 of 650,000, noted among individuals aged 75 to 85. The paretic upper limb is a common and undesirable consequence of stroke that increases activity limitation. A number of interventions have been published evaluating the effect of various rehabilitation methods improving upper extremity control and functioning. Mirror therapy is a relatively new therapeutic intervention which is simple, inexpensive and most importantly patient-directed treatment that focuses on moving the unimpaired limb. It was first introduced by Ramachandran and Roger Ramachandran to treat phantom limb pain after amputation.The principle of mirror therapy (MT) is use of a mirror to create reflective illusion of an affected limb in order to trick the brain into thinking movement has occurred without pain. It involves placing the affected limb behind a mirror, which is sited to the reflection of the opposing limb appears in placing of the hidden limb. During performing the tasks with the unaffected hand, the participants were instructed to move their affected arm synchronically in the same way while viewing the mirror during the practices with the unaffected arm, the participants were instructed to move their affected arm synchronically while viewing the mirror. Repetitive facilitative exercise (RFE), a combination of high repetition rate and neuro facilitation, is a recently developed approach to the rehabilitation of stroke-related limb impairment. The RFE sessions used a novel facilitation technique to elicit movements of the shoulder, elbow and each finger isolated from synergy and give sufficient physical stimulation, such as by the stretch reflex or skin-muscle reflex that is elicited immediately before or at the same time as when the patient makes an effort to move his hemiplegic hand or finger. Functional recovery of the hemiplegic upper limb and hand might depend on the repetition of voluntary movements elicited by the RFEs, especially when they are influenced by a synergistic pattern. Principles for selection and treatment included the following: (1) an emphasis on the proximal musculature, given its role in stabilizing distal movements, gradual increases in movement difficulty with a goal of maintaining movement purity and avoiding synergy; and consideration of the importance/nature of the movement (eg, the first and second fingers were trained separately and the third and fourth together to facilitate the acquisition of pinch. This aim of the study is to improve the function of the upper limb in post-stroke hemiparesis patient. Repetitive Facilitation exercise has proved beneficial effects for improving upper limb function on stroke patients. There is also different opinion about the effectiveness of Mirror therapy on upper limb function. So the purpose of my study is to investigate whether Mirror Therapy or Repetitive Facilitation exercise is more effective in improving upper limb function in Stroke patients.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Stroke Patient

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

mirror box therapy

The objects use for task-specific mirror therapy are duster, glass, the wooden block of different sizes and shapes, beads, coin, paper cards and spongy ball. In all these activities shoulder horizontal flexion-extension, adduction-abduction, elbow flexion-extension, forearm supination-pronation, wrist flexion-extension, finger flexion-extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, are performed automatically.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

mirror box therapy

Intervention Type OTHER

* Patients in Task-specific mirror box therapy group will receive therapy for 30 min/day, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
* The patient is seated close to a table a mirror (33\*35 cm) was placed vertically. The involved hand was placed behind the mirror and uninvolved in front of the mirror.
* The subject is asked to transfer small cubes from the middle position to the lateral side, placing pegs in holes and taking them out, turning over paper cards, placing steel needles in holes, stacking blocks, and putting glass on a shelf.
* During the sessions, subjects will be asked to try and do the activity on the unaffected side and asked to do some movement with the paretic hand simultaneously.

Repetitive Facilitation Exercise

Treatment involved rapid passive stretching of the muscles of the targeted joints in conjunction with tapping and rubbing the skin to assist in the generation of a contraction.Shoulder horizontal flexion-extension , adduction-abduction ,elbow flexion-extension, forearm supination-pronation, wrist flexion-extension, finger flexion-extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, are performed

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Repetitive Facilitation Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

* The patients in the control group will receive Repetitive Facilitation Exercise for 30 min/day, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
* Repetitive facilitative techniques were used to elicit movement of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers in a manner designed to minimize synergistic movements.
* Participants were directed to concentrate on generating movement on the joint being treated while avoiding contraction of non-targeted muscles.
* Therapists provided verbal directions with commands such as "bend/straighten" or "one, two, three.
* Participant efforts were supplemented as necessary to achieve a full range of motion (ROM)

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

mirror box therapy

* Patients in Task-specific mirror box therapy group will receive therapy for 30 min/day, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
* The patient is seated close to a table a mirror (33\*35 cm) was placed vertically. The involved hand was placed behind the mirror and uninvolved in front of the mirror.
* The subject is asked to transfer small cubes from the middle position to the lateral side, placing pegs in holes and taking them out, turning over paper cards, placing steel needles in holes, stacking blocks, and putting glass on a shelf.
* During the sessions, subjects will be asked to try and do the activity on the unaffected side and asked to do some movement with the paretic hand simultaneously.

Intervention Type OTHER

Repetitive Facilitation Exercise

* The patients in the control group will receive Repetitive Facilitation Exercise for 30 min/day, 3 times/week for 6 weeks.
* Repetitive facilitative techniques were used to elicit movement of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers in a manner designed to minimize synergistic movements.
* Participants were directed to concentrate on generating movement on the joint being treated while avoiding contraction of non-targeted muscles.
* Therapists provided verbal directions with commands such as "bend/straighten" or "one, two, three.
* Participant efforts were supplemented as necessary to achieve a full range of motion (ROM)

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Hemiparetic patient
* Sub-acute and chronic stroke patients
* First-ever stroke patient
* Age: 40-60
* Gender: both male and female
* MMSE \>24
* Modified Ashworth scale \<3
* Stable patient (Good sitting balance )
* No visual-spatial hemineglect.

Exclusion Criteria

* Unstable patient
* Uncooperative patient
* Orthopaedic deformity
* Aphasia
* Visual infection
* Joint pain (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle)

Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes